Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion/epithelial transport on phenolics and bioactivities of particles of brewer's spent yeasts loaded with Brazilian red propolis.

Ana Sofia Martelli Chaib Saliba, Dannaya Julliethy Gomes Quirino, Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade, Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori, Adna Prado Massarioli, Josy Goldoni Lazarini, Anna Paula de Souza Silva, Severino Matias de Alencar
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Abstract

Red propolis from northeast Brazil contains mainly isoflavonoids as bioactive compounds, and its consumption may counteract unregulated and exacerbated formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, the production of particles using sustainable carriers have been studied to increase the use of propolis as a functional food ingredient. Hence, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by a cell-based epithelial transport on phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of particles of brewer's spent yeasts (BSY) loaded with ethanolic extract of Brazilian red propolis (EEP). As a result, the EEP phenolic diversity decreased throughout the simulated gastrointestinal system, and was modulated by the particle production, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Concomitantly, the antioxidant activity, as assessed by the ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid, generally decreased at a higher extent for the particles of EEP with BSY (EEP-BSY) throughout the experiments. Nonetheless, after epithelial transport through the Caco-2 cell monolayer, the basolateral fraction of both EEP-BSY and EEP decreased the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB by 83% and 65%, respectively, as well as the release of TNF-α (up to 51% and 38%, respectively), and CXCL2/MIP-2 (up to 33% and 25%, respectively). Therefore, BSY may be an interesting carrier for EEP bioencapsulation, since it preserves its anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies should be encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adding it in formulations of functional foods, considering its effect on sensory attributes.

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模拟胃肠道消化/上皮转运对装载巴西红蜂胶的啤酒废酵母颗粒的酚类物质和生物活性的影响。
来自巴西东北部的红蜂胶主要含有作为生物活性化合物的类黄酮,食用它可能会抵消活性氧和炎性细胞因子/趋化因子的不受调节和加剧的形成。此外,还研究了使用可持续载体生产颗粒,以增加蜂胶作为功能性食品成分的使用。因此,本工作的目的是研究模拟胃肠道消化和基于细胞的上皮转运对装载巴西红蜂胶(EEP)乙醇提取物的啤酒废酵母(BSY)颗粒的酚类、抗炎和抗氧化活性的影响。因此,通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS)检测,EEP酚类多样性在整个模拟胃肠系统中降低,并受到颗粒产生的调节。同时,通过清除过氧和超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢和次氯酸的能力来评估的抗氧化活性,在整个实验中,具有BSY的EEP颗粒(EEP-BSY)的抗氧化活性通常以更高的程度降低。尽管如此,在上皮通过Caco-2细胞单层转运后,EEP-BSY和EEP的基底外侧部分分别降低了促炎转录因子NF-κB的激活83%和65%,以及TNF-α(分别高达51%和38%)和CXCL2/MIP-2(分别高高达33%和25%)的释放。因此,BSY可能是EEP生物包膜的一种有趣的载体,因为它保留了其抗炎活性。考虑到其对感官特性的影响,应鼓励进一步研究将其添加到功能性食品配方中的可行性。
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