Occurrence of Human Viruses on Fomites in the Environment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

IF 6.7 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL ACS Environmental Au Pub Date : 2023-07-25 DOI:10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00025
Winnie Zambrana,  and , Alexandria B. Boehm*, 
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Abstract

Documenting the occurrence of viruses on fomites is crucial in determining the significance of fomite-mediated transmission and the potential use of fomites for environmental disease surveillance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compile information on the occurrence of human viruses on fomites in the environment; we identified 134 peer-reviewed papers. We compiled sampling and measurement methods, results, quality control information, and whether virus data were compared with community health data from the papers. We conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to investigate if presence of virus on fomites was associated with virus type (enveloped, nonenveloped), sampling location (healthcare setting, nonhealthcare temporary setting, nonhealthcare nontemporary setting), and area of fomite swabbed (<50, 50–100, >100 cm2). Across 275 data sets from the 134 papers, there was the most data available for Coronaviridae and from fomites at hospitals. Positivity rates, defined as the percent positive fomite samples, were low (median = 6%). Data were available on viruses from 16 different viral families, but data on viruses from 9 families had few (n < 5) data sets. Many human virus families were not identified in this review (11 families). Less than 15% of the data sets reported virus concentrations in externally valid units (viruses per area of surface), and 16% provided a quantitative comparison between virus and health data. Virus type and area swabbed were significant predictors of virus presence on fomites, and the positivity rate of data sets collected from healthcare settings and nonhealthcare nontemporary settings (e.g., individual housing) were significantly higher than those collected in nonhealthcare temporary settings (e.g., restaurants). Data from this review indicates that viruses may be present on fomites, that fomite-mediated virus transmission may occur, and that fomites may provide information on circulation of infectious diseases in the community. However, more quantitative data on diverse viruses are needed, and method reporting needs significant improvements.

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环境中人类病毒对螨虫的发生:系统综述和荟萃分析。
记录fomite上病毒的发生对于确定fomite介导的传播的重要性以及fomite在环境疾病监测中的潜在用途至关重要。我们进行了一项系统综述和荟萃分析,以汇编环境中fomites上人类病毒发生的信息;我们鉴定了134篇同行评审论文。我们汇编了采样和测量方法、结果、质量控制信息,以及病毒数据是否与论文中的社区卫生数据进行了比较。我们进行了单变量和多变量分析,以调查fomite上病毒的存在是否与病毒类型(包膜、非包膜)、采样位置(医疗环境、非医疗临时环境、非卫生临时环境)和fomite拭子面积(100 cm2)有关。在134篇论文中的275个数据集中,冠状病毒科和医院感染者的数据最多。阳性率,定义为阳性fomite样本的百分比,较低(中位数=6%)。来自16个不同病毒家族的病毒数据可用,但来自9个家族的病毒的数据集很少(n<5)。许多人类病毒家族在这篇综述中没有被确定(11个家族)。不到15%的数据集以外部有效单位(每表面面积的病毒)报告了病毒浓度,16%的数据集提供了病毒和健康数据之间的定量比较。病毒类型和拭子面积是fomites上病毒存在的重要预测因素,从医疗保健环境和非医疗保健非临时环境(如个人住房)收集的数据集的阳性率显著高于在非医疗保健临时环境(例如餐馆)收集的数据集。这篇综述的数据表明,病毒可能存在于fomite上,可能发生fomite介导的病毒传播,fomite可能提供有关传染病在社区中传播的信息。然而,还需要更多关于不同病毒的定量数据,报告方法也需要显著改进。
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ACS Environmental Au
ACS Environmental Au 环境科学-
CiteScore
7.10
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0.00%
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0
期刊介绍: ACS Environmental Au is an open access journal which publishes experimental research and theoretical results in all aspects of environmental science and technology both pure and applied. Short letters comprehensive articles reviews and perspectives are welcome in the following areas:Alternative EnergyAnthropogenic Impacts on Atmosphere Soil or WaterBiogeochemical CyclingBiomass or Wastes as ResourcesContaminants in Aquatic and Terrestrial EnvironmentsEnvironmental Data ScienceEcotoxicology and Public HealthEnergy and ClimateEnvironmental Modeling Processes and Measurement Methods and TechnologiesEnvironmental Nanotechnology and BiotechnologyGreen ChemistryGreen Manufacturing and EngineeringRisk assessment Regulatory Frameworks and Life-Cycle AssessmentsTreatment and Resource Recovery and Waste Management
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