Does gaze anxiety predict actual gaze avoidance and is it more informative than social anxiety?

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101896

Jiemiao Chen, Esther van den Bos, P. Michiel Westenberg

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Abstract

Background and Objectives

In recent years eye-tracking studies have provided converging evidence that socially anxious individuals avoid looking at other people's faces in social situations. In addition to these objective measures, the Gaze Anxiety Rating Scale (GARS) has increasingly been used as a self-report measure of gaze avoidance. However, extant results concerning its predictive validity were inconsistent. Moreover, no study has considered social anxiety and gaze anxiety together to examine their relative contributions to actual gaze behavior.

Methods

To address these two questions, eye-tracking data collected from 81 female students during the initial 6 min of a face-to-face conversation with a female confederate were analyzed. Gaze anxiety and social anxiety were measured via the GARS and the Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale.

Results

The results revealed that gaze anxiety was associated with reduced face gaze while speaking. Social anxiety was not only associated with decreased face gaze during speaking, but also across the initial conversation. Moreover, there was no evidence that gaze anxiety made an additional contribution to social anxiety in predicting face gaze behavior.

Limitations

This study examined face gaze instead of eye gaze. Additionally, the self-report data were not collected on the same day as the eye-tracking data.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that, in a community sample, gaze anxiety does predict actual gaze behavior during a face-to-face initial encounter, but social anxiety is a stronger predictor.

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凝视焦虑能预测实际的凝视回避吗？它比社交焦虑更能提供信息吗？

背景和目的：近年来，眼动追踪研究提供了一致的证据，证明社交焦虑的人在社交场合避免看别人的脸。除了这些客观测量外，凝视焦虑评定量表（GARS）越来越多地被用作凝视回避的自我报告测量。然而，关于其预测有效性的现有结果并不一致。此外，没有研究将社交焦虑和凝视焦虑放在一起考察它们对实际凝视行为的相对贡献。方法：为了解决这两个问题，分析了81名女学生在与一名女同学面对面交谈的最初6分钟内收集的眼动追踪数据。凝视焦虑和社交焦虑通过GARS和Leibowitz社交焦虑量表进行测量。结果：研究结果表明，凝视焦虑与说话时面部凝视减少有关。社交焦虑不仅与说话时面部凝视减少有关，而且与最初的谈话有关。此外，没有证据表明凝视焦虑在预测面部凝视行为时对社交焦虑有额外的贡献。局限性：这项研究检查了面部凝视而不是眼睛凝视。此外，自我报告数据并没有与眼动追踪数据在同一天收集。结论：研究结果表明，在社区样本中，凝视焦虑确实可以预测面对面初次见面时的实际凝视行为，但社交焦虑是一个更强的预测因素。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry Multiple-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

5.60%

发文量

期刊介绍： The publication of the book Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition (1958) by the co-founding editor of this Journal, Joseph Wolpe, marked a major change in the understanding and treatment of mental disorders. The book used principles from empirical behavioral science to explain psychopathological phenomena and the resulting explanations were critically tested and used to derive effective treatments. The second half of the 20th century saw this rigorous scientific approach come to fruition. Experimental approaches to psychopathology, in particular those used to test conditioning theories and cognitive theories, have steadily expanded, and experimental analysis of processes characterising and maintaining mental disorders have become an established research area.