Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

Negative cognitive biases in older adults with subthreshold depression. 阈下抑郁症老年人的负性认知偏差。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102087

Rendong He, Junxin Li, Yiming Qiu, Yongliang Jiao, Kexin Huang, Bingyue Han, Yuhang Pu, Yong Jia, Li Chen

Objective: Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent and poses significant risks to quality of life among older adults. Cognitive biases play a critical role in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. Investigating cognitive biases in individuals with subthreshold depression may facilitate early detection of depressive tendencies. This study aims to examine cognitive biases in older adults with subthreshold depression.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 60 community-dwelling older adults (26 men, 34 women) with a mean age of 81.5 ± 5.0 years. Among them, 30 were identified as having subthreshold depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores: 8.70 ± 2.04) and 30 served as healthy controls (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores: 1.53 ± 1.33). Participants completed assessments of attention, memory, and interpretive biases through the dot-probe paradigm, recognition tasks, and ambiguous-scene tests. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using FDR (Benjamini-Hochberg) and Holm-Bonferroni corrections.

Results: Compared with controls, the subthreshold depression group exhibited stronger negative attentional bias (BI: Z = 7.83, p < 0.001; OI: Z = 3.57, p < 0.001; DI: Z = 3.25, p = 0.006), greater negative memory bias (Z = 8.46, p < 0.001), and more pronounced negative interpretive bias (Z = 4.51, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Older adults with subthreshold depression exhibit significant attentional, memory, and interpretive biases towards negative information. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention to prevent progression to MDD.

目的：阈下抑郁症在老年人中非常普遍，并对生活质量构成重大风险。认知偏差在抑郁症状的发展和维持中起着关键作用。研究阈下抑郁症患者的认知偏差可能有助于早期发现抑郁倾向。本研究旨在探讨阈下抑郁症老年人的认知偏差。方法：本横断面研究纳入60例社区居住老年人（男性26例，女性34例），平均年龄81.5±5.0岁。其中，阈下抑郁30例（Hamilton抑郁评定量表得分：8.70±2.04），健康对照30例（Hamilton抑郁评定量表得分：1.53±1.33）。参与者通过点探测范式、识别任务和模糊场景测试完成了注意力、记忆和解释偏差的评估。采用广义估计方程对数据进行分析。多重比较采用FDR （Benjamini-Hochberg）和Holm-Bonferroni校正进行校正。结果：与对照组相比，阈下抑郁症组表现出更强的负性注意偏倚（BI: Z = 7.83, p）。结论：阈下抑郁症老年人对负性信息表现出显著的注意偏倚、记忆偏倚和解释偏倚。这些发现强调了早期识别和干预对预防重度抑郁症发展的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Magical contagion beliefs in psychopathology: A review of cognitive mechanisms and maintaining factors 精神病理学中的神奇传染信念：认知机制和维持因素综述

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102085

Catherine Ouellet-Courtois , Anna Coughtrey , Sandra Krause , Jakob Fink-Lamotte

Magical contagion beliefs—the idea that harm, essence, or impurity can be transmitted symbolically through resemblance, association, contact, or thought—are observed across several mental health conditions, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma-related disorders, eating disorders, and hoarding disorder. This narrative review synthesizes empirical evidence to clarify the emotional and cognitive mechanisms that activate and sustain these beliefs. We propose a theoretical model describing how characteristics of the perceived contaminant (contact, proximity, association, emotional valence, perceived dynamic force) interact with individual vulnerability factors (contamination sensitivity, disgust proneness), cognitive misappraisals (sympathetic magic, contamination thought–action fusion, emotional reasoning), and maintaining processes (intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, cognitive biases), to collectively amplify subjective contamination experiences and reinforce avoidance and cleansing behaviors. The review integrates findings across disorders to highlight shared and distinct pathways through which symbolic contamination beliefs persist and generalize, providing a framework to guide future research and inform targeted clinical interventions.

魔法传染的信念——认为伤害、本质或不洁可以通过相似、联想、接触或思想象征性地传播——在几种精神健康状况中被观察到，包括强迫症（OCD）、创伤相关障碍、饮食失调和囤积障碍。这篇叙述性综述综合了经验证据，以澄清激活和维持这些信念的情感和认知机制。我们提出了一个理论模型，描述感知污染物的特征（接触、接近、关联、情感效价、感知动力）如何与个体脆弱性因素（污染敏感性、厌恶倾向）、认知错误评价（交感魔法、污染思想-行动融合、情感推理）和维持过程（不确定性的不容忍、反刍、认知偏见）相互作用。集体放大主观污染体验，强化回避和清洁行为。该综述整合了各种疾病的研究结果，强调了象征性污染信念持续存在和推广的共同和独特途径，为指导未来的研究和有针对性的临床干预提供了框架。

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引用次数: 0

Obsessive-compulsive tendencies predict reduced access to affective reactions to auditory stimuli 强迫性倾向预示着对听觉刺激的情感反应会减少

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102084

Zachary Adolph Niese , Noga Smadar , Reuven Dar

Background and objectives

The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) model of OCD posits that reduced access to internal states plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the disorder. The current work sought to provide further support for the model's central claim that obsessive-compulsive tendencies are associated with reduced access to internal states.

Method

Participants (N = 170) listened to 60 sound stimuli, rated how each one made them feel, and completed a measure of obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Following past procedure, we compared participants' ratings to each sound's normative valence rating, such that higher deviations between the ratings reflect a noisier perception of affective internal states.

Results

As hypothesized, higher obsessive-compulsive tendencies predicted greater deviations for both normatively-positive and normatively-negative sounds.

Conclusions

The current work provides additional, novel support for the SPIS model, showing that with increasing obsessive-compulsive tendencies, people exhibited reduced attunement to how auditory stimuli made them feel.

背景和目的强迫症的寻找内部状态代理（SPIS）模型认为，减少对内部状态的访问在强迫症的发展和维持中起着关键作用。目前的工作旨在进一步支持该模型的核心主张，即强迫症倾向与减少进入内部状态有关。方法170名参与者听了60种声音刺激，对每种声音刺激给他们的感觉进行了评分，并完成了强迫倾向的测量。按照过去的程序，我们将参与者的评级与每种声音的标准价评级进行比较，因此评级之间的较大偏差反映了对情感内部状态的嘈杂感知。结果，正如假设的那样，更高的强迫症倾向预示着更大的标准积极和标准消极声音的偏差。目前的研究为SPIS模型提供了额外的、新颖的支持，表明随着强迫症倾向的增加，人们对听觉刺激的感受表现出更低的调性。

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引用次数: 0

Intolerance of uncertainty predicts paranoia over time: Evidence from a UK sample. 对不确定性的不容忍预示着长期的偏执：来自英国样本的证据。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102050

Yingyixue Lei, Anton Martinez, Vyv Huddy, Jayne Morriss, Lyn Ellett, Richard Bentall

Paranoia, often associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, also exists on a continuum with ordinary mistrust and is prevalent in non-clinical populations. Recent research suggests that Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU), a dispositional trait reflecting a negative response to uncertainty, may play a significant role in predicting paranoia. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between IU and paranoia, using data from the Covid-19 Psychological Research Consortium Study (C19PRC). 2025 participants representative of the UK population were recruited and assessed across three waves over nine months. Path analysis revealed that IU consistently predicted paranoia over time, even after controlling for negative affective traits such as neuroticism, and common co-occurring symptoms such as anxiety, and depression. Partial correlation analyses revealed stronger relationships between paranoia and Inhibitory IU than Prospective IU. These findings suggest that IU is a stable and independent predictor of paranoia. This study extends previous cross-sectional research by providing longitudinal evidence of associations between IU and paranoia and suggests that IU may represent a promising target for future research on intervention strategies.

偏执狂，通常与精神分裂症谱系障碍有关，也存在于普通不信任的连续体中，并普遍存在于非临床人群中。最近的研究表明，不确定性不耐受（IU），一种反映对不确定性的负面反应的性格特征，可能在预测偏执中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在利用Covid-19心理研究联盟研究（C19PRC）的数据，研究IU与偏执之间的纵向关系。研究人员招募了代表英国人口的2025名参与者，并在9个月内分三次对他们进行了评估。通径分析显示，即使在控制了负面情感特征（如神经质）和常见的共存症状（如焦虑和抑郁）之后，IU也能长期预测偏执。偏相关分析显示，偏执狂与抑制性IU的关系强于前瞻性IU。这些发现表明，IU是偏执狂的一个稳定和独立的预测指标。该研究通过提供IU与偏执之间关联的纵向证据，扩展了之前的横断面研究，并表明IU可能是未来干预策略研究的一个有希望的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive reappraisal of conditioned fear: A systematic review 条件性恐惧的认知再评价：系统回顾

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102076

Kaneez Fatima Dar , Manish Kumar Asthana

Cognitive reappraisal is a cognitive emotion regulation strategy that involves reinterpreting the meaning associated with a situation. It has been shown to alter emotional responses. In recent years, the human capability of voluntary regulation of emotion has been employed to regulate conditioned fear responses. The aim of the current systematic review is to provide a review of studies investigating the effect of reappraisal on the attenuation of conditioned fear responses in healthy participants. Following the PRISMA guideline for reporting, two digital databases, PubMed and Scopus, were used to search for relevant published articles. A total of eleven studies and twelve separate experiments fulfilled the selection criteria of the analysis. This systematic review discusses experimental studies assessing the effect of cognitive reappraisal on attenuation of conditioned fear responses, its effect on different phases of conditioning, its underlying neural mechanisms, and factors that influence successful reappraisal outcome. The current review also highlights the need for standardized cognitive reappraisal practice. Although the studies differ and have limitations in their methodology, the results suggest a positive effect of cognitive reappraisal.

认知重评是一种认知情绪调节策略，涉及重新解释与情境相关的意义。它已被证明可以改变情绪反应。近年来，人类自愿调节情绪的能力被用来调节条件性恐惧反应。本系统综述的目的是对研究重新评估对健康参与者条件恐惧反应衰减影响的研究进行综述。遵循PRISMA报告指南，使用PubMed和Scopus两个数字数据库搜索相关的已发表文章。共有11项研究和12项独立实验符合分析的选择标准。本系统综述讨论了评估认知重评对条件反射恐惧反应衰减影响的实验研究，它对条件反射不同阶段的影响，其潜在的神经机制，以及影响成功重评结果的因素。当前的回顾也强调了标准化的认知再评估实践的必要性。尽管这些研究在方法论上存在差异和局限性，但结果表明认知再评估具有积极作用。

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引用次数: 0

Schema modes as mechanisms of change in treating borderline personality disorder: A model replication study 图式模式作为治疗边缘型人格障碍的改变机制：一项模型复制研究。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102074

Duygu Yakın , Julia Uijttewaal , Puk Plooij , Gitta A. Jacob , Christopher W. Lee , Odette Manon Brand-de Wilde , Eva Fassbinder , R. Patrick Harper , Anna Lavender , George Lockwood , Ioannis A. Malogiannis , Florian A. Ruths , Ida A. Shaw , Gerhard Zarbock , Joan M. Farrell , Arnoud Arntz

Objective

Schema modes have been theorized and tested as mechanisms of change in the treatment of personality disorders. We investigated whether schema modes also function as mechanisms of change in borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatment.

Method

Data from 494 patients (N = 68 male, N = 426 female) with borderline PD who participated in an international randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of two group schema therapy formats vs treatment as usual were analyzed. Granger Causality was tested partially replicating the model predicting PD severity as derived in Yakın et al. (2020) with generalized linear mixed models, testing within-person relationships over time.

Results

The effect of the Healthy Adult, the Vulnerable Child and Detached Self-Soother as an Avoidant Coping mode on PD severity, and the reciprocal relationship between the Healthy Adult and the Vulnerable Child were replicated. Unlike previous findings, the Avoidant Coping mode is not predicted by the Healthy Adult. Moreover, the relationship between Impulsive Child and PD severity was unidirectional. The relationships between Healthy Adult, Self-Aggrandizer, and functioning over time were also replicated, but unlike earlier results, Self-Aggrandizer did not influence later scores of the Healthy Adult.

Conclusions

Central relationships in the model were replicated. The centrality of the Healthy Adult and the Vulnerable Child for the treatment of PDs was also applicable to BPD. It appears that these two modes should be primary treatment targets compared to the other modes, unless the avoidant modes block access to the more vulnerable parts of the personality.

目的：图式模式在人格障碍治疗中的作用机制已被理论化和检验。本研究探讨了图式模式在边缘型人格障碍（BPD）治疗中的作用机制。方法：对参加一项国际随机临床试验的494例边缘型PD患者（男68例，女426例）的数据进行分析，比较两种组图式治疗形式与常规治疗的有效性。格兰杰因果关系测试部分复制Yakın等人（2020）中推导的预测PD严重程度的模型，使用广义线性混合模型，测试随时间的人际关系。结果：健康成人、脆弱儿童和超然自我安抚作为回避应对方式对PD严重程度的影响，以及健康成人和脆弱儿童之间的互惠关系均具有重复性。与以往的研究结果不同，回避应对模式不是由健康成人预测的。此外，冲动性儿童与PD严重程度之间的关系是单向的。随着时间的推移，健康成人、自我夸大者和功能之间的关系也得到了重复，但与早期的结果不同，自我夸大者并不影响健康成人后来的得分。结论：模型中的中心关系是重复的。健康成人和弱势儿童对pd治疗的中心性也适用于BPD。与其他模式相比，这两种模式似乎应该是主要的治疗目标，除非回避模式阻碍了对人格中更脆弱部分的访问。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Aversive conditioning is impaired in impulsive individuals: A study on learning asymmetries” [Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 83 (2024) 101939] “冲动个体的厌恶条件反射受损：学习不对称的研究”[行为治疗与实验精神病学杂志83(2024)101939]。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102075

L.T. Kemp , T. Smeets , A. Jansen , K. Houben

引用次数: 0

Attention bias at baseline does not moderate the effect of attention bias modification for residual depressive symptoms 基线时的注意偏倚并不能调节注意偏倚修正对残余抑郁症状的影响

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102073

Hallvard Solbø Hagen , Jan Ivar Røssberg , Catherine J. Harmer , Rune Jonassen , Nils Inge Landrø , Ragnhild Bø

Background

Clinical trials of Attention Bias Modification for depressive symptoms have consistently produced small effect sizes and mixed results. Therefore, identifying patient characteristics that can improve the efficacy has been called for. Residual depressive symptoms have been shown to increase the chance of relapse and treating this group of patients may serve to reduce the risk. In this analysis we examined whether baseline attention bias moderates the effect of Attention Bias Modification, the intended mechanism of change of the intervention.

Methods

The analysis was based on data from a randomized controlled trial with participants with a history of depression (N = 301) who were randomized to receive two daily sessions of either Attention Bias Modification or a sham treatment for 14 days. A response-based attention bias score at baseline was calculated, and a moderator analysis was run at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up measured by change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), respectively.

Results

Baseline attention bias did not moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification at post-intervention (HDRS F(1,295) = .303, p = .582, BDI II F(1,295) = 1.1567, p = .283: or at 1-month follow-up (HDRS F(1,265) = .000, p = .247, BDI II F(1,267) = .021, p = .885).

Conclusion

Even though Attention Bias Modification targets attention bias, the baseline score did not significantly moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification on any of the time points or depression measures. Consequently, baseline attentional bias does not seem to be a useful variable for identifying patients with subclinical depressive symptoms more likely to benefit from ABM.

背景：注意偏倚矫正治疗抑郁症状的临床试验一直产生较小的效应量和混合的结果。因此，识别能够提高疗效的患者特征已被要求。残留的抑郁症状已被证明会增加复发的机会，治疗这类患者可能有助于降低风险。在本分析中，我们检验了基线注意偏倚是否会调节注意偏倚修正的效果，注意偏倚修正是干预改变的预期机制。方法分析基于一项随机对照试验的数据，该试验的参与者有抑郁症病史（N = 301），他们被随机分为两组，一组每天接受两次注意偏倚矫正治疗，另一组接受为期14天的假治疗。计算基线时基于反应的注意偏倚得分，并在干预后和1个月随访时分别通过汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表（HDRS）和贝克抑郁量表II （BDI II）的变化进行调节分析。结果基线注意偏倚在干预后(HDRS F（1,295) = .303, p = .582, BDI II F(1,295) = 1.1567, p = .283）和1个月随访时(HDRS F（1,265) = .000, p = .247, BDI II F(1,267) = .021, p = .885）没有调节注意偏倚修正的效果。结论尽管注意偏倚修正的目标是注意偏倚，但基线得分并未显著调节注意偏倚修正对任何时间点或抑郁测量的影响。因此，基线注意偏倚似乎不是一个有用的变量，以确定亚临床抑郁症状的患者更有可能从ABM中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Semantic similarity among autobiographical memories is associated with rumination 自传体记忆的语义相似性与反刍有关

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102072

Noboru Matsumoto , Yudai Iijima , Mingming Lin , Yuki Nishiguchi , Keisuke Takano , Filip Raes

Depressive rumination is characterized by repetitive dwelling on one or more self-relevant, past-oriented topics. However, little empirical evidence links depressive rumination to the perseveration of specific themes in autobiographical memory (AM) retrieval. This study examined whether ruminators are more likely to retrieve semantically overlapping AMs across different times and locations using the experience sampling method (ESM). Participants (N = 58 Japanese-speaking university students) generated AMs in response to negative and positive cues three times daily for seven days. In total, 3063 AMs were collected and analyzed. For each participant, we computed cosine similarity to quantify semantic overlap among the reported AMs. The results indicated that individuals with higher levels of rumination exhibited greater semantic overlap among negative AMs (r = 0.33), suggesting that ruminators’ AMs tended to revolve around similar topics and themes across different cues and assessment occasions. These findings suggest that semantic overlap serves as an underlying mechanism of depressive rumination (and vice versa), wherein different cues activate a specific network that encodes similar or identical negative memory representations.

抑郁症的特点是反复思考一个或多个与自己相关的、以过去为导向的话题。然而，很少有经验证据将抑郁反刍与自传体记忆（AM）检索中特定主题的持久性联系起来。本研究采用经验抽样法（ESM）考察了反刍者是否更有可能在不同时间和地点检索到语义重叠的记忆。参与者（N = 58名说日语的大学生）在7天内每天三次对消极和积极的暗示做出反应。共收集和分析了3063个AMs。对于每个参与者，我们计算余弦相似度来量化报告的AMs之间的语义重叠。结果表明，反刍水平越高的个体在消极记忆中表现出更大的语义重叠（r = 0.33），这表明反刍者在不同线索和评估场合中倾向于围绕相似的主题和主题进行反刍。这些发现表明，语义重叠是抑郁反刍的潜在机制（反之亦然），其中不同的线索激活了一个特定的网络，该网络编码相似或相同的负面记忆表征。

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引用次数: 0

Learning asymmetry as a predictor of mood and behavior dynamics: A network analysis 学习不对称作为情绪和行为动态的预测因子：一个网络分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102071

Laurens T. Kemp , Tom Smeets , Anita Jansen , Katrijn Houben

While studying appetitive and aversive conditioning is common in psychopathology research, studies that measure both types of learning simultaneously are rare. To gain insight into the role of appetitive and aversive learning in the complex interaction of positive mood, negative mood, worry, craving, avoidance and impulsive behavior, this study used a relative measure of the strength of appetitive versus aversive learning – the learning asymmetry – as a predictor of network dynamics of mood states and behavior. 100 healthy volunteers performed an appetitive and aversive conditioning task and completed an ecological momentary assessment study, where they were surveyed six times per day for 21 days. Groups were defined based on higher sensitivity to appetitive learning (positive learning asymmetry) or aversive learning (negative learning asymmetry). The positive asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to positive mood changes, and the negative asymmetry group was hypothesized to be more sensitive to negative mood changes. Contrary to our hypothesis, results show that impulsive behavior was more likely to follow negative mood, specifically anger, in the positive but not the negative asymmetry group. These results demonstrate the potential for network analysis to elucidate complex interactions between mood and behavior associated with individual differences in learning.

虽然研究食欲和厌恶条件反射在精神病理学研究中很常见，但同时测量这两种学习类型的研究很少。为了深入了解食欲和厌恶学习在积极情绪、消极情绪、担忧、渴望、回避和冲动行为的复杂相互作用中的作用，本研究使用了一种相对衡量食欲和厌恶学习强度的方法——学习不对称——作为情绪状态和行为网络动态的预测因子。100名健康志愿者完成了一项食欲和厌恶条件反射任务，并完成了一项生态瞬时评估研究，在这项研究中，他们每天接受6次调查，持续21天。根据对食欲学习（积极学习不对称）或厌恶学习（消极学习不对称）的更高敏感性来定义组。假设正不对称组对积极情绪变化更敏感，假设负不对称组对消极情绪变化更敏感。与我们的假设相反，结果表明，在积极而非消极不对称组中，冲动行为更有可能伴随着消极情绪，特别是愤怒。这些结果表明，网络分析有潜力阐明与学习个体差异相关的情绪和行为之间复杂的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0