Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

Predictors of polyregulation and its effectiveness following exposure to One's most personally distressing intrusive thought

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102001

Katharine E. Daniel , Sabine Wilhelm , Ryan J. Jacoby

Background and objectives

Using multiple emotion regulation strategies in response to a single stressor—known as polyregulation—is an understudied but common event. The role of polyregulation in psychological disorders characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is unexplored, despite well-documented difficulties in emotion regulation and strong urges to avoid and escape one's intrusive thoughts in RNT.

Methods

Participants (N = 60) either had clinical levels of RNT (n = 15 with worries, n = 14 with ruminations, n = 16 with obsessions) or non-clinical levels of RNT (n = 15) and were exposed to their most personally distressing intrusive thought during an in-lab task. Proportional odds logistic regressions were used to test if RNT group and situation-level factors predicted greater polyregulation following the thought exposure. Multilevel regressions were used to test the short-term effectiveness of polyregulation on subjective distress and psychophysiological responding (heart rate, skin conductance).

Results

Ninety percent of participants reported using two or more strategies following intrusive thought exposure. Extent of polyregulation was not significantly predicted by RNT group, most situation-level factors, or short-term regulatory effectiveness. Endorsing a greater need to control one's intrusive thought did, however, predict use of more strategies.

Limitations

This is a secondary analysis in a small sample.

Conclusion

Given treatments for psychological disorders characterized by RNT attempt to disrupt the connection between a person's urge to control their distressing thoughts and efforts to escape or avoid those thoughts, continued investigation into the role of polyregulation in intrusive thinking may guide clinical intervention.

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引用次数: 0

Ecological momentary assessment models trajectories of expectancy following exposure: A proof-of-concept pilot study

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000

Olivia M. Losiewicz, Anastasia L. McGlade, Michael Treanor, Michelle G. Craske

Background and objectives

The Inhibitory Retrieval Approach to exposure therapy for fears and anxiety emphasizes prediction error as one of several strategies for improving outcomes. Prediction error depends on disconfirmation of expectancies for the feared outcome, and thus exposure strategies that derive from inhibitory retrieval approaches emphasize expectancy violation during exposure. However, research studies examining expectancy violation in exposure therapy have treated expectancy as a stable characteristic, assuming that expectancy following an exposure exercise remains constant over time. This brief report outlines two different uses of a methodology for using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess between-session expectancy following exposure during treatment for anxiety, and reports on pilot trial results.

Methods

Adults with social anxiety disorder (N = 12) and spider phobia (N = 31) taking part in larger trials investigating exposure therapy completed EMA questionnaires assessing expectancy for their feared outcome for 2–4 days following each of two exposure sessions.

Results

Expectancy ratings decreased from pre-to post-exposure and remained stable for 2–4 days following exposure.

Limitations

This pilot study used a very limited sample size and should be replicated in a larger sample.

Conclusions

Expectancy for feared outcome may be assessed using EMA following exposure sessions. Pilot results suggest that expectancy decreases immediately following exposures and remains stable afterwards.

{"title":"Ecological momentary assessment models trajectories of expectancy following exposure: A proof-of-concept pilot study","authors":"Olivia M. Losiewicz, Anastasia L. McGlade, Michael Treanor, Michelle G. Craske","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>The Inhibitory Retrieval Approach to exposure therapy for fears and anxiety emphasizes prediction error as one of several strategies for improving outcomes. Prediction error depends on disconfirmation of expectancies for the feared outcome, and thus exposure strategies that derive from inhibitory retrieval approaches emphasize expectancy violation during exposure. However, research studies examining expectancy violation in exposure therapy have treated expectancy as a stable characteristic, assuming that expectancy following an exposure exercise remains constant over time. This brief report outlines two different uses of a methodology for using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess between-session expectancy following exposure during treatment for anxiety, and reports on pilot trial results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with social anxiety disorder (<em>N</em> = 12) and spider phobia (<em>N</em> = 31) taking part in larger trials investigating exposure therapy completed EMA questionnaires assessing expectancy for their feared outcome for 2–4 days following each of two exposure sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expectancy ratings decreased from pre-to post-exposure and remained stable for 2–4 days following exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This pilot study used a very limited sample size and should be replicated in a larger sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expectancy for feared outcome may be assessed using EMA following exposure sessions. Pilot results suggest that expectancy decreases immediately following exposures and remains stable afterwards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To be aware or not aware: Do intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ?

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002

Catherine A. Keeping, Reginald D.V. Nixon, Victoria M.E. Bridgland, Melanie K.T. Takarangi

People sometimes re-experience traumatic events via intrusive memories that spontaneously and unintentionally intrude into consciousness (i.e., intrusions). Such intrusions can be experienced without explicit awareness (i.e., meta-awareness). However, we do not know whether intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ in how people experience them (i.e., characteristics) or react to them via maladaptive responses (i.e., suppression, negative interpretations), and therefore whether they are important to differentiate. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to watch a trauma analogue film and—during a subsequent unrelated reading task—intermittently probed them to capture and assess one film-related intrusion. Intrusion meta-awareness positively correlated with intrusion negativity, re-experiencing, and suppression, but not with how people interpreted the meaning of their intrusion. Our findings suggest intrusions with and without meta-awareness can differ in how they are experienced and associated with thought suppression—highlighting the importance of considering both types of intrusions in theory and practice.

{"title":"To be aware or not aware: Do intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ?","authors":"Catherine A. Keeping, Reginald D.V. Nixon, Victoria M.E. Bridgland, Melanie K.T. Takarangi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People sometimes re-experience traumatic events via intrusive memories that spontaneously and unintentionally intrude into consciousness (i.e., intrusions). Such intrusions can be experienced without explicit awareness (i.e., <em>meta-awareness</em>). However, we do not know whether intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ in how people experience them (i.e., characteristics) or react to them via maladaptive responses (i.e., suppression, negative interpretations), and therefore whether they are important to differentiate. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to watch a trauma analogue film and—during a subsequent unrelated reading task—intermittently probed them to capture and assess <em>one</em> film-related intrusion. Intrusion meta-awareness positively correlated with intrusion negativity, re-experiencing, and suppression, but not with how people interpreted the meaning of their intrusion. Our findings suggest intrusions with and without meta-awareness can differ in how they are experienced and associated with thought suppression—highlighting the importance of considering both types of intrusions in theory and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Joint attention effect on irrelevant stimuli resistance in high functional autism and neurotypical adults

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005

Brunetti Marcella , Alessandrelli Riccardo , Ceci Franca , D.'Andrea Antea , Pettorruso Mauro , Martinotti Giovanni , Di Matteo Rosalia

Background and objectives

Clinical practice reveals that individuals with autism characterized by the absence of cognitive impairment (High Functioning Autism-HFA) show difficulty in sharing attention with unfamiliar people. We hypothesized that this difficulty could affect cognitive control by selectively impairing stimulus-encoding or response-selection.

Methods

Twenty-one HFA and 23 neurotypical adults were involved in a two-phase study. The first phase was performed at home, through an online link; the second one was held four months later in our laboratory in the presence of two experimenters. A letter-flanker task was administered in both phases. In the Stimulus-Response (SR) conflict condition, the target and flankers were assigned to the same/different response keys. In the Stimulus-Stimulus (SS) conflict condition, the target and flankers were perceptually similar/dissimilar. Two mixed-ANOVAs were conducted on response times and accuracy with Phases (Home vs Lab), Groups (HFA, Neurotypical), SR conditions (congruent, incongruent, neutral) and SS conditions (congruent, incongruent) as factors.

Results

Results show that only HFAs' inhibition ability was negatively affected by the experimenters’ presence compared to when they were alone, by reducing accuracy when dealing with an SS conflict.

Limitations

The differences between the home-phase and lab-phase sessions require further elaboration to understanding the nature of social interaction during the lab session.

Conclusions

These results suggest that, for HFA, the “at home” context, free from social and emotional pressure, allowed them to emphasize their detail-focused cognitive style.

{"title":"Joint attention effect on irrelevant stimuli resistance in high functional autism and neurotypical adults","authors":"Brunetti Marcella , Alessandrelli Riccardo , Ceci Franca , D.'Andrea Antea , Pettorruso Mauro , Martinotti Giovanni , Di Matteo Rosalia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Clinical practice reveals that individuals with autism characterized by the absence of cognitive impairment (High Functioning Autism-HFA) show difficulty in sharing attention with unfamiliar people. We hypothesized that this difficulty could affect cognitive control by selectively impairing stimulus-encoding or response-selection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one HFA and 23 neurotypical adults were involved in a two-phase study. The first phase was performed at home, through an online link; the second one was held four months later in our laboratory in the presence of two experimenters. A letter-flanker task was administered in both phases. In the Stimulus-Response (SR) conflict condition, the target and flankers were assigned to the same/different response keys. In the Stimulus-Stimulus (SS) conflict condition, the target and flankers were perceptually similar/dissimilar. Two mixed-ANOVAs were conducted on response times and accuracy with Phases (Home vs Lab), Groups (HFA, Neurotypical), SR conditions (congruent, incongruent, neutral) and SS conditions (congruent, incongruent) as factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results show that only HFAs' inhibition ability was negatively affected by the experimenters’ presence compared to when they were alone, by reducing accuracy when dealing with an SS conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The differences between the home-phase and lab-phase sessions require further elaboration to understanding the nature of social interaction during the lab session.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that, for HFA, the “at home” context, free from social and emotional pressure, allowed them to emphasize their detail-focused cognitive style.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Further analyses of appraisals of losing control and other OCD-related cognitions: A quasi-experimental investigation

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101998

Andrea Sandstrom, Adam S. Radomsky

Background and objectives

Cognitive models of OCD posit that dysfunctional beliefs contribute to the maintenance of symptoms. In addition to well-established belief domains, beliefs about losing control has been identified as a novel cognitive domain which may influence OCD phenomena, including other dysfunctional beliefs. However, the exact nature of these relationships and whether such relationships are influenced by OCD symptoms is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between appraisals of losing control and other OCD-relevant appraisals in individuals scoring high and low on OCD symptoms.

Methods

137 participants completed a vignette task describing hypothetical scenarios relevant to OCD (doubting and aggressive thoughts) which varied in the level of losing control (high vs. low) and answered questions to assess other OCD-relevant appraisals.

Results

There was a significant main effect of losing control appraisals on other OCD-relevant appraisals in the aggressive thought vignettes but not in the doubting vignettes. OCD symptoms had a significant effect on OCD-relevant appraisals in both the aggressive thought and doubting vignettes. There were no significant interactions.

Limitations

Appraisals of losing control did not significantly differ in the doubting vignettes suggesting the impact of the manipulation may have been limited.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that both appraisals of losing control and level of OCD symptoms may be associated with other OCD-relevant appraisals, however these effects may be independent of one another.

{"title":"Further analyses of appraisals of losing control and other OCD-related cognitions: A quasi-experimental investigation","authors":"Andrea Sandstrom, Adam S. Radomsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Cognitive models of OCD posit that dysfunctional beliefs contribute to the maintenance of symptoms. In addition to well-established belief domains, beliefs about losing control has been identified as a novel cognitive domain which may influence OCD phenomena, including other dysfunctional beliefs. However, the exact nature of these relationships and whether such relationships are influenced by OCD symptoms is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between appraisals of losing control and other OCD-relevant appraisals in individuals scoring high and low on OCD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>137 participants completed a vignette task describing hypothetical scenarios relevant to OCD (doubting and aggressive thoughts) which varied in the level of losing control (high vs. low) and answered questions to assess other OCD-relevant appraisals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant main effect of losing control appraisals on other OCD-relevant appraisals in the aggressive thought vignettes but not in the doubting vignettes. OCD symptoms had a significant effect on OCD-relevant appraisals in both the aggressive thought and doubting vignettes. There were no significant interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Appraisals of losing control did not significantly differ in the doubting vignettes suggesting the impact of the manipulation may have been limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that both appraisals of losing control and level of OCD symptoms may be associated with other OCD-relevant appraisals, however these effects may be independent of one another.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of desired positive affect in depression in daily life

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101999

Sunkyung Yoon, Heejoo Kim, Sooyeon Kim, Yunsu Kim, Eunbi Kang

Background

Emotion goals (desired affect) have been theorized to play an essential role in a person's emotional experiences, guiding emotion regulation processes toward experiencing desired states. Hence, understanding whether and which emotion goals are associated with reduced negative states is crucial for individuals struggling to regulate these states, such as persons with depression. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we examined the relationship between momentary desired positive affect and subsequent depressive affect in daily life, as well as future depressive symptoms, among individuals with depressive disorders.

Methods

A total of 50 female participants with depression reported their momentary desire for high arousal positive (HAP), low arousal positive states (LAP), and depressive affect three times a day for seven days. In addition, participants reported depressive symptoms at both baseline and four weeks after.

Results

Momentary desired LAP moderated the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect: the more a person wanted to feel LAP at the prior time point, the weaker the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect.

Limitations

The relatively short interval between the EMA and the follow-up measurement of depressive symptoms may have influenced the results.

Conclusions

Results elucidated the role of desired affect, particularly desired LAP, in depression in daily life.

{"title":"The role of desired positive affect in depression in daily life","authors":"Sunkyung Yoon, Heejoo Kim, Sooyeon Kim, Yunsu Kim, Eunbi Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotion goals (desired affect) have been theorized to play an essential role in a person's emotional experiences, guiding emotion regulation processes toward experiencing desired states. Hence, understanding whether and which emotion goals are associated with reduced negative states is crucial for individuals struggling to regulate these states, such as persons with depression. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we examined the relationship between momentary desired positive affect and subsequent depressive affect in daily life, as well as future depressive symptoms, among individuals with depressive disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 50 female participants with depression reported their momentary desire for high arousal positive (HAP), low arousal positive states (LAP), and depressive affect three times a day for seven days. In addition, participants reported depressive symptoms at both baseline and four weeks after.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Momentary desired LAP moderated the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect: the more a person wanted to feel LAP at the prior time point, the weaker the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The relatively short interval between the EMA and the follow-up measurement of depressive symptoms may have influenced the results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results elucidated the role of desired affect, particularly desired LAP, in depression in daily life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensitivity and response bias in non-clinical social anxiety to detect changes in facial expressions

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102003

Jing Yuan , Xiang Chen , Zhaoxia Wang , Xiaomin Zhao , Yan Wang , Zejun Liu

Background and objectives

Previous research has not established a consensus on the ability of higher socially anxious individuals to detect facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to examine this issue using Signal Detection Theory (SDT) as a framework.

Methods

Participants with higher levels of social anxiety (HSA) and lower levels of social anxiety (LSA) were instructed to complete a change-detection task. Prototypical (faces with congruent eyes and mouth, i.e., happy eyes and a smiling mouth) and blended (faces with incongruent eyes and mouth, i.e., neutral eyes and a happy mouth) facial expressions were used as stimuli. Participants had to decide whether the facial expression indicated by the cue was "the same" or "different".

Results

The results revealed that the HSA group had a higher sensitivity (d’) to detect changes in facial expressions compared to the LSA group. The LSA group had a higher d’ to detect prototypical angry expressions than to blended angry expressions. However, this difference was not found in the HSA group. In addition, the HSA group displayed more leniency in judging angry expressions as being the same compared to the LSA group.

Limitations

The external validity of the study is limited by the sample (low levels of depression, mostly male).

Conclusions

Higher socially anxious individuals are more sensitive in detecting changes and are more lenient in judging changes in angry expressions.

{"title":"Sensitivity and response bias in non-clinical social anxiety to detect changes in facial expressions","authors":"Jing Yuan , Xiang Chen , Zhaoxia Wang , Xiaomin Zhao , Yan Wang , Zejun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Previous research has not established a consensus on the ability of higher socially anxious individuals to detect facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to examine this issue using Signal Detection Theory (SDT) as a framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with higher levels of social anxiety (HSA) and lower levels of social anxiety (LSA) were instructed to complete a change-detection task. Prototypical (faces with congruent eyes and mouth, i.e., happy eyes and a smiling mouth) and blended (faces with incongruent eyes and mouth, i.e., neutral eyes and a happy mouth) facial expressions were used as stimuli. Participants had to decide whether the facial expression indicated by the cue was \"the same\" or \"different\".</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed that the HSA group had a higher sensitivity (<em>d’</em>) to detect changes in facial expressions compared to the LSA group. The LSA group had a higher <em>d’</em> to detect prototypical angry expressions than to blended angry expressions. However, this difference was not found in the HSA group. In addition, the HSA group displayed more leniency in judging angry expressions as being the same compared to the LSA group.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The external validity of the study is limited by the sample (low levels of depression, mostly male).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher socially anxious individuals are more sensitive in detecting changes and are more lenient in judging changes in angry expressions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of feedback in attention training on Attention Bias to Threat in individuals with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo 注意力训练中的反馈对认知节奏缓慢者的威胁注意力偏差的影响

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101997

Kyunghwa Kim, Jang-Han Lee

Background and objectives

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of attentional bias of individuals with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and how Attention Bias to Threat (ABT) changes when feedback was provided in attention training.

Methods

First, a dot probe task was conducted to confirm the ABT of the SCT feedback group (N = 27) and SCT no feedback group (N = 25), and healthy control group (N = 30) before intervention. Thereafter, a VR-based attention training was conducted three times with feedback or no feedback. Finally, a dot probe task was executed again.

Results

The SCT groups showed a higher ABT than the healthy control group. A result of the attention training, the reaction time of disengage was significantly reduced when provided feedback. In addition, it was confirmed that the ABT of the SCT group that received feedback, was significantly reduced.

Limitations

First, the only stimulus used to examine the ABT was the angry face, and the reaction time to other threatening facial expressions was not confirmed. Second, attention training was conducted three times, but further studies are needed on the effect of the duration of training on the magnitude of effect.

Conclusions

This study identified ABT associated with internalizing symptoms of SCT and suggests that attention training with immediate and continuous feedback is needed to reduce ABT.

背景和目的本研究旨在确定认知节奏迟缓（SCT）患者的注意偏差特征，以及在注意训练中提供反馈时，威胁注意偏差（ABT）会发生怎样的变化。方法首先，在干预前进行点探测任务，以确认SCT反馈组（27人）、SCT无反馈组（25人）和健康对照组（30人）的ABT。之后，在有反馈或无反馈的情况下，进行了三次基于 VR 的注意力训练。结果SCT组的ABT高于健康对照组。注意力训练的结果是，在有反馈的情况下，脱离的反应时间明显缩短。局限性首先，用于检测 ABT 的唯一刺激是愤怒的脸，对其他威胁性面部表情的反应时间没有得到证实。第二，注意力训练进行了三次，但还需要进一步研究训练时间的长短对效果大小的影响。结论本研究发现了与 SCT 内化症状相关的 ABT，并表明需要进行即时、持续反馈的注意力训练来减少 ABT。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the causal effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment 研究社会排斥对羞耻感和分离性脱离的因果影响

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101996

Ashley K.H. Catton, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Martin J. Dorahy

Background and objectives

Dissociative detachment experiences (e.g., derealization, absorption) underpin much psychopathology and are often researched in relation to co-occurring affective states such as shame, the latter being known to occur in situations involving actual or perceived negative social evaluation. The association between shame and dissociative detachment may also be moderated by individual differences in people's need to belong. The goal of the present study was to experimentally investigate the effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment depending on perceivers' need to belong.

Methods

After measuring individual differences in need to belong and shame proneness, the Cyberball paradigm was utilized to communicate either social inclusion or exclusion. Following Cyberball, a sample of 281 participants completed measures of state shame and state dissociation.

Results

Social exclusion increased dissociative detachment, and these effects were mediated by increases in state shame. These effects were particularly evident among people with a high need to belong.

Limitations

Other individual differences such as rejection sensitivity may also moderate the relationship between exclusion and shame. While Cyberball can be used to investigate shame, it can only induce shame via social exclusion, whereas shame can also be elicited in other ways such as performance failure.

Conclusions

Social exclusion can elicit shame, which is most acutely felt by those with a strong need to belong, and this aversive experience appears to be managed by dissociative detachment.

背景和目的解离性分离体验（如去理想化、吸收）是许多精神病理学的基础，并且经常与羞耻等共存的情感状态联系在一起进行研究，众所周知，后者会在涉及实际或感知到的负面社会评价的情况下发生。羞耻感与分离性疏离之间的关联也可能会受到人们归属感需求的个体差异的影响。本研究的目的是根据感知者的归属需求，通过实验研究社会排斥对羞耻感和分离性疏离的影响。方法在测量了归属需求和羞耻感的个体差异后，使用网络球范式来传达社会包容或排斥。结果社会排斥增加了分离性疏离，而这些影响是由状态羞耻感的增加所中介的。局限性其他个体差异（如对拒绝的敏感性）也可能会缓和排斥与羞耻感之间的关系。虽然网络球可以用来研究羞耻感，但它只能通过社会排斥来诱发羞耻感，而羞耻感也可以通过其他方式诱发，比如表现失败。结论社会排斥可以诱发羞耻感，归属感需求强烈的人对羞耻感的感受最为强烈，这种厌恶体验似乎可以通过分离性分离来控制。

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引用次数: 0

Fighting OCD together: An experimental study of the effectiveness and acceptability of seeking and receiving emotional support for OCD 共同对抗强迫症：强迫症患者寻求和接受情感支持的有效性和可接受性实验研究

IF 1.7 4区医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101987

Chiara Causier , Paul Salkovskis

Excessive reassurance-seeking in OCD has been linked to the maintenance of OCD, functioning as a type of checking ritual. Current treatments recommend the imposition of the extinction of seeking and providing reassurance; however, this is not well tolerated. Although it has been suggested that the provision of support may provide a more helpful alternative, there is no empirical evidence for this. In the present study, 36 participants with OCD engaged with two personalised semi-idiographic scenarios in which they imagined seeking and receiving reassurance and seeking and receiving emotional support in counterbalanced order. The primary outcome measure was anticipated urge to seek reassurance, which was found to significantly decrease in the imagined support condition relative to the imagined reassurance condition regardless of order of presentation. Emotional support was perceived as significantly more acceptable when compared to imagining reassurance in terms of higher ratings of perceived helpfulness in managing emotions, feelings of calmness and closeness, and the sense that they were fighting OCD together. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the value of encouraging the seeking and giving of emotional support as an alternative to reassurance. Implications for clinical work and further research are discussed.

强迫症患者过度寻求安慰与强迫症的维持有关，它是一种检查仪式。目前的治疗方法建议强制患者停止寻求和提供保证，但这种方法的耐受性并不好。虽然有人认为提供支持可能会提供更有帮助的替代方法，但目前还没有实证证据证明这一点。在本研究中，36 名患有强迫症的参与者参与了两个个性化的半图像情景，在这两个情景中，他们按照平衡的顺序想象寻求和接受安慰，以及寻求和接受情感支持。主要的结果测量指标是预期寻求安慰的冲动，结果发现，无论呈现的顺序如何，在想象支持的条件下，寻求安慰的冲动相对于想象安慰的条件下会显著减少。与想象中的安慰相比，情感支持的可接受性明显更高，这体现在对情绪管理的帮助、平静感和亲密感的评价更高，以及他们共同对抗强迫症的感觉上。这些发现初步证明了鼓励寻求和给予情感支持以替代安慰的价值。本文还讨论了对临床工作和进一步研究的启示。

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引用次数: 0