European nanomaterial legislation in the past 20 years – Closing the final gaps

IF 4.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES NanoImpact Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.impact.2023.100487
Maria Bille Nielsen, Lars Skjolding, Anders Baun, Steffen Foss Hansen
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Abstract

In 2004, the potential societal implications related to nanotechnology were highlighted in an influential report by the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of Engineering (RS & RAE). It was made clear that legislation is an important tool to tackle the challenges related to nanomaterials and a list of recommendations were put forward. Shortly after, the European Commission also proposed a list of recommendations on how to handle nanomaterial challenges and adopted the so-called “incremental approach”, describing that current legislations should be adapted, where relevant, to handle nanomaterials. Now almost 20 years have passed and it seems relevant to take stock and investigate how legislations have been adapted to tackle nano-specific challenges. In this review, we analyze key pieces of European legislations relevant to nanomaterials and assess to what extent these legislations compare with the original recommendations from 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission. We uncover the cross-cutting challenges that remain and provide recommendations on next steps that should be taken to address the risks of nanomaterials. For each recommendation, we assessed whether it was met to a high, medium or low degree by conducting targeted literature searches at Web of Science, screening legislations, guidance documents, databases etc., and applying expert judgement. We found that >90% of the recommendations put forward in 2004 by the RS & RAE and the European Commission have been either met to a high degree (13 out of 29) or met to a medium degree (14 out of 29). This suggests important advancements in the field of nanosafety. At the same time, it is important to address the concerns still left partly or fully unsolved. Such efforts entail e.g. further development of measuring instruments and standardised characterization and risk assessment methods for nanomaterials, application of a uniform nanomaterial definition, maximization of containment of free nanomaterials until hazards assessed/handled and elimination/minimisation of unintentional nanomaterial emission. Furthermore, we recommend prioritising future efforts to ensure enforcement and implementation of existing nano-specific provisions, as well as revision, where needed, of legislations that currently do not account for nanomaterials, such as the Waste Framework Directive.

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过去20年的欧洲纳米材料立法 年-弥补最后的差距。
2004年,英国皇家学会和英国皇家工程院(RS&RAE)在一份颇具影响力的报告中强调了与纳米技术相关的潜在社会影响。会议明确指出,立法是应对与纳米材料有关的挑战的重要工具,并提出了一系列建议。不久之后,欧盟委员会还提出了一份关于如何应对纳米材料挑战的建议清单,并采用了所谓的“增量方法”,说明应在相关情况下调整现行立法,以应对纳米材料。现在快20岁了 多年过去了,评估和调查立法是如何适应纳米特定挑战的似乎是相关的。在这篇综述中,我们分析了与纳米材料相关的欧洲立法的关键部分,并评估了这些立法与R&RAE和欧盟委员会2004年的原始建议相比的程度。我们揭示了仍然存在的跨领域挑战,并就应对纳米材料风险应采取的下一步措施提出了建议。对于每一项建议,我们通过在科学网上进行有针对性的文献搜索、筛选立法、指导文件、数据库等,并应用专家判断,评估其是否达到了高、中或低程度。我们发现,R&RAE和欧盟委员会在2004年提出的建议中,90%以上的建议要么得到了高度满足(29个中的13个),要么得到了中等程度的满足(29中的14个)。这表明在纳米安全领域取得了重要进展。与此同时,重要的是要解决部分或全部仍未解决的关切。这些努力需要进一步开发纳米材料的测量仪器和标准化表征和风险评估方法,应用统一的纳米材料定义,最大限度地遏制游离纳米材料,直到评估/处理危险,并消除/最大限度地减少无意的纳米材料排放。此外,我们建议优先考虑未来的工作,以确保现有纳米特定条款的执行和实施,并在需要时修订目前不考虑纳米材料的立法,如《废物框架指令》。
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来源期刊
NanoImpact
NanoImpact Social Sciences-Safety Research
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.10%
发文量
69
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: NanoImpact is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on nanosafety research and areas related to the impacts of manufactured nanomaterials on human and environmental systems and the behavior of nanomaterials in these systems.
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