Theoretical Neurobiology of Consciousness Applied to Human Cerebral Organoids.

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics Pub Date : 2023-10-18 DOI:10.1017/S0963180123000543
Matthew Owen, Zirui Huang, Catherine Duclos, Andrea Lavazza, Matteo Grasso, Anthony G Hudetz
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Abstract

Organoids and specifically human cerebral organoids (HCOs) are one of the most relevant novelties in the field of biomedical research. Grown either from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, HCOs can be used as in vitro three-dimensional models, mimicking the developmental process and organization of the developing human brain. Based on that, and despite their current limitations, it cannot be assumed that they will never at any stage of development manifest some rudimentary form of consciousness. In the absence of behavioral indicators of consciousness, the theoretical neurobiology of consciousness being applied to unresponsive brain-injured patients can be considered with respect to HCOs. In clinical neurology, it is difficult to discern a capacity for consciousness in unresponsive brain-injured patients who provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. In such scenarios, a validated neurobiological theory of consciousness, which tells us what the neural mechanisms of consciousness are, could be used to identify a capacity for consciousness. Like the unresponsive patients that provide a diagnostic difficulty for neurologists, HCOs provide no behavioral indicators of consciousness. Therefore, this article discusses how three prominent neurobiological theories of consciousness apply to human cerebral organoids. From the perspective of the Temporal Circuit Hypothesis, the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory, and the Integrated Information Theory, we discuss what neuronal structures and functions might indicate that cerebral organoids have a neurobiological capacity to be conscious.

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意识的理论神经生物学应用于人类大脑类器官。
类器官,特别是人类大脑类器官(HCOs)是生物医学研究领域中最相关的新事物之一。HCOs由胚胎或诱导多能干细胞生长而成,可以用作体外三维模型,模拟发育中的人脑的发育过程和组织。基于此,尽管他们目前有局限性,但不能假设他们在任何发展阶段都不会表现出某种基本的意识形式。在缺乏意识的行为指标的情况下,可以考虑将意识的理论神经生物学应用于无反应的脑损伤患者。在临床神经病学中,很难辨别没有提供意识行为指标的无反应脑损伤患者的意识能力。在这种情况下,一个经过验证的意识神经生物学理论,告诉我们意识的神经机制是什么,可以用来识别意识的能力。就像给神经学家带来诊断困难的无反应患者一样,HCOs没有提供意识的行为指标。因此,本文讨论了意识的三个重要神经生物学理论如何应用于人类大脑类器官。从时间回路假说、全局神经元工作空间理论和综合信息理论的角度,我们讨论了哪些神经元结构和功能可能表明大脑类器官具有意识的神经生物学能力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
11.10%
发文量
127
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics is designed to address the challenges of biology, medicine and healthcare and to meet the needs of professionals serving on healthcare ethics committees in hospitals, nursing homes, hospices and rehabilitation centres. The aim of the journal is to serve as the international forum for the wide range of serious and urgent issues faced by members of healthcare ethics committees, physicians, nurses, social workers, clergy, lawyers and community representatives.
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