Overview of the cause, complications, immunity, therapy, medication, and certain behavioral changes of premature babies

Abstract

Babies born before 37 weeks of pregnancy are considered preterm. Babies born prematurely are also referred to as “preemies” or “preterms.” India has the world's highest rate of premature births. About 1.5 million babies are born prematurely every year. As they grow up, preemies will encounter a variety of challenges. Many children who die before the age of 15 do so due to complications related to their premature birth. Although researchers have yet to pinpoint what exactly causes premature birth, doctors have shown that maternal health plays a role. Preterm birth can be caused by a variety of circumstances, including those of the mother as well as those of the pregnancy and the fetus. There are special care nurseries and neonatal intensive care units worldwide that provide medical attention to premature infants. The infant is placed in an incubator, and all vital signs are monitored, as well as feeding tubes, blood transfusions, and other forms of resuscitation. Major problems, behavioral changes, and therapies for premature infants were covered in this article. Problems with breathing, heart, brain, digestive tract, eyes, ears, teeth, and blood are among the most common serious consequences. The behavior of premature infants is distinct from that of full-term children. They are unable to effectively interact with others due to a lack of emotional intelligence, social awareness, and communication abilities. Medication given to premature infants has the potential to promote growth and appropriate lung, heart, and circulation development. The administration of these drugs is conditional on the state of the infant.