Micro-Climate Conditions, Weed Diversity, Flowering and Yield of Young Cacao Plants as Affected by Shade Regimes

I. Famuwagun, S. Agele
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Abstract

Experiments were conducted in 2015/2018 in two cacao plots established in 2012 and 2013 in Akure, Nigeria to investigate micro-climate conditions, weed densities, flowering and yield of cacao as affected by shade regimes. Established cacao plots under three plantain (Musa spp) shade regimes consisting of No-shade, Moderate and Dense shade were used. Air and soil temperature, relative humidity and Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), weed population and species diversity, cacao flowering and pod production were measured. From the results, air and soil temperature measurements under No-shade plots had a significantly higher mean values (32°C) and soil (28°C) compared with moderately shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26.5°C] and densely shaded [air, 30°C and soil, 26°C] plots in2015 and 2016 measurements but under 2017 measurements, no significant difference in the soil temperature of the plots under dense shade, moderate and the no-shade which were ascribed to canopy close-up of the cacao that led to reduced transmitted light through the canopy to the understories species. The vigour of weeds under no-shade plots were significantly higher compared with dense and moderately shaded plots. In 2013 established cacao plot, flower production was higher significantly in no-shade compared with those in moderate and dense shaded cacao plots in 2015 and 2016 measurement. Pod production under No-shade were significantly higher compared with other treatments in 2016 and 2017. Cherelle wilt rate was higher in shaded plots compared with the no-shade plots. Pod yield parameters were significantly higher under No-shade plots compared with shaded treatments during the three years of data measurement. Air temperature between 30°C to 33.7°C during flowering and fruit/pod setting was found to have positive influence on bean yield in cacao. The study concluded that excessive shade decreases yield of cocoa, while increases in temperature and relative humidity boosts some physiological processes for pod production in Cocoa
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遮荫对可可幼苗小气候条件、杂草多样性、开花和产量的影响
2015/2018年,在尼日利亚阿库雷2012年和2013年建立的两个可可地块上进行了实验,以研究微气候条件、杂草密度、开花和产量受遮荫制度的影响。在无遮荫、适度遮荫和密荫三种芭蕉遮荫制度下建立了可可地块。测定了空气和土壤温度、相对湿度和光合活性辐射(标准杆数)、杂草种群和物种多样性、可可开花和荚产量。从结果来看,2015年和2016年无遮荫地块的空气和土壤温度测量值(32°C)和土壤温度(28°C)显著高于中度遮荫[空气,30°C和土壤,26.5°C]和重度遮荫[土壤,30°C]地块,但在2017年的测量值下,中度和无遮荫,这归因于可可的树冠特写,导致通过树冠到林下物种的透射光减少。无遮荫地杂草活力显著高于密荫地和适度遮荫地。在2013年建立的可可地块中,2015年和2016年的测量显示,与中等和密集遮荫的可可地块相比,无遮荫的情况下的花朵产量显著较高。2016年和2017年,与其他处理相比,无遮荫条件下的荚产量显著较高。遮荫地和不遮荫地相比,樱桃枯萎率较高。在三年的数据测量中,与遮荫处理相比,无遮荫处理下的荚产量参数显著更高。在开花和结果期间,气温在30°C至33.7°C之间对可可豆产量有积极影响。研究得出的结论是,过度遮荫会降低可可的产量,而温度和相对湿度的增加会促进可可荚生产的一些生理过程
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International Letters of Natural Sciences
International Letters of Natural Sciences MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-
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