{"title":"The mouthparts of the Aradidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera).","authors":"R. Rakitov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4063466","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The flat bugs, Aradidae, have exceptionally long piercing-sucking stylets coiled up at rest in the anterior part of the head. Previous studies suggested that the majority of aradids can be divided into two groups by the direction of stylet coiling, clockwise or anticlockwise. Detailed reconstruction of the head skeleton and musculature from series of polished sections, examined in SEM, of epon-embedded specimens of three species has shown that these groups represent two disparate modifications of the head groundplan. In Aradus betulae (L.), the stylet coil is accommodated inside the greatly enlarged anteclypeus within an expansible membranous diverticulum of its epipharyngeal cuticle. In contrast, in Isodermus planus Erichson and Carventus brachypterus Kormilev, the coil lies freely underneath the anteclypeus between the extended maxillary lobes (in I. planus fused with the extended gular lobe). The intraclypeal coils occur in the subfamilies Aradinae, Calisiinae, and Chinamyersiinae and the subclypeal coils in Isoderminae, Carventinae, Mezirinae, Aneurinae, Prosympiestinae, and possibly in the closely related family Termitaphididae. Each method of stylet coiling is associated with a suite of divergently specialized structural traits, suggesting that the two groups have independently evolved from ancestors endowed with regular stylets. Functional mechanics of the coiled stylet bundles are discussed.","PeriodicalId":55461,"journal":{"name":"Arthropod Structure & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"2","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arthropod Structure & Development","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4063466","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENTOMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Abstract
The flat bugs, Aradidae, have exceptionally long piercing-sucking stylets coiled up at rest in the anterior part of the head. Previous studies suggested that the majority of aradids can be divided into two groups by the direction of stylet coiling, clockwise or anticlockwise. Detailed reconstruction of the head skeleton and musculature from series of polished sections, examined in SEM, of epon-embedded specimens of three species has shown that these groups represent two disparate modifications of the head groundplan. In Aradus betulae (L.), the stylet coil is accommodated inside the greatly enlarged anteclypeus within an expansible membranous diverticulum of its epipharyngeal cuticle. In contrast, in Isodermus planus Erichson and Carventus brachypterus Kormilev, the coil lies freely underneath the anteclypeus between the extended maxillary lobes (in I. planus fused with the extended gular lobe). The intraclypeal coils occur in the subfamilies Aradinae, Calisiinae, and Chinamyersiinae and the subclypeal coils in Isoderminae, Carventinae, Mezirinae, Aneurinae, Prosympiestinae, and possibly in the closely related family Termitaphididae. Each method of stylet coiling is associated with a suite of divergently specialized structural traits, suggesting that the two groups have independently evolved from ancestors endowed with regular stylets. Functional mechanics of the coiled stylet bundles are discussed.
期刊介绍:
Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.