The mouthparts of the Aradidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 ENTOMOLOGY Arthropod Structure & Development Pub Date : 2022-10-26 DOI:10.2139/ssrn.4063466
R. Rakitov
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The flat bugs, Aradidae, have exceptionally long piercing-sucking stylets coiled up at rest in the anterior part of the head. Previous studies suggested that the majority of aradids can be divided into two groups by the direction of stylet coiling, clockwise or anticlockwise. Detailed reconstruction of the head skeleton and musculature from series of polished sections, examined in SEM, of epon-embedded specimens of three species has shown that these groups represent two disparate modifications of the head groundplan. In Aradus betulae (L.), the stylet coil is accommodated inside the greatly enlarged anteclypeus within an expansible membranous diverticulum of its epipharyngeal cuticle. In contrast, in Isodermus planus Erichson and Carventus brachypterus Kormilev, the coil lies freely underneath the anteclypeus between the extended maxillary lobes (in I. planus fused with the extended gular lobe). The intraclypeal coils occur in the subfamilies Aradinae, Calisiinae, and Chinamyersiinae and the subclypeal coils in Isoderminae, Carventinae, Mezirinae, Aneurinae, Prosympiestinae, and possibly in the closely related family Termitaphididae. Each method of stylet coiling is associated with a suite of divergently specialized structural traits, suggesting that the two groups have independently evolved from ancestors endowed with regular stylets. Functional mechanics of the coiled stylet bundles are discussed.
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蛛科的口器(昆虫纲:半翅目:异翅目)。
扁虫,Aradidae,有特别长的刺吸花柱盘绕在头部前部休息。以往的研究表明,根据花柱卷曲的方向,大多数花冠可以分为顺时针和逆时针两类。通过扫描电镜对三个物种的epon嵌入标本进行了一系列抛光切片,详细重建了头部骨骼和肌肉组织,表明这些群体代表了头部地面平面图的两种不同修改。在桦树(L.)中,柱头线圈被安置在其咽上角质层可扩张的膜性憩室内的极大扩大的前柱头内。相反,在Erichson平等皮鱼和Kormilev短翅鱼中,线圈自由地位于上颌延长叶之间的前跖肌下方(在I. planus中与延长的喉叶融合)。瓣内盘状分布在Aradinae、Calisiinae和Chinamyersiinae亚科,瓣下盘状分布在Isoderminae、Carventinae、Mezirinae、动脉瘤ae、Prosympiestinae,也可能存在于近亲白蚁科。每一种花柱卷曲的方法都与一系列不同的专门结构特征有关,这表明这两个群体是从具有规则花柱的祖先独立进化而来的。讨论了螺旋花柱束的功能力学。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
54
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Arthropod Structure & Development is a Journal of Arthropod Structural Biology, Development, and Functional Morphology; it considers manuscripts that deal with micro- and neuroanatomy, development, biomechanics, organogenesis in particular under comparative and evolutionary aspects but not merely taxonomic papers. The aim of the journal is to publish papers in the areas of functional and comparative anatomy and development, with an emphasis on the role of cellular organization in organ function. The journal will also publish papers on organogenisis, embryonic and postembryonic development, and organ or tissue regeneration and repair. Manuscripts dealing with comparative and evolutionary aspects of microanatomy and development are encouraged.
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