Application of Microextraction Methods to Extract and Determine the Occupational Analytes from Urine Samples: A Brief Review

Abstract

Inexpensive and simple microextraction methods with high efficiency are highly recognized approaches for sample preparation in the analysis of pollutant compounds. Therefore, the present study was aimed to review the studies conducted by Iranian researchers on the use of microextraction methods to determine the occupational analytes from the urine sample. In the current review study, we used keywords, including microextraction, determine, extract, analytes, and urine samples among published articles by Iranian researchers from 2000 to 2019 in databases of Google Scholar, ISC, SID, Magiran, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. Then, the extracted articles during the past 20 years were categorized and analyzed according to the title, author name, publication year, study method, study type, and evaluation results. The results of reviewing the selected articles were discussed in terms of several topics. They included optimization of affecting factors method efficiency and extraction efficiency, optimization of parameters affecting extraction performance, application of the optimized method for real samples, and comparison of the proposed method with other procedures. The developed methods in the selected articles were found to be fast, simple, with minimum solvent consumption, short extraction time, and environmentally friendly that can be used as alternatives to conventional methods.