CHARACTERISTIC OF SMALL SCALE TUNA FISHERIES ASSOCIATED WITH FADs IN LABUHAN LOMBOK, WEST NUSA TENGGARA-INDONESIA

F. Rochman, I. Jatmiko, Z. Fahmi
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Abstract

Fish aggregating devices, or FADs are used extensively in developing countries to attract and to collect pelagic fish and give positive impacts on fish production. Use of FADs has started in early 20th century with different names among the countries and regions. This study investigated the design, deployment, distribution, density and the number of FADs used by small scale tuna fisherman in Labuhan Lombok, including characteristics of fishing boat, fishing gear, catch composition, catch per unit of effort (CPUE), fish diversity and species richness. There were 65 FADs identified in this study and 47 of them were in normal distribution. Type of the FADs used was anchored FADs, spreading between 56.63 to 267.70 NM from Labuhan Lombok fishing port. The placement of FADs were arranged in such a way as to resemble a fence, in which the distance from one to another was close. It is expected to disrupt tuna movement towards the strait in the small islands around West Nusa Tenggara. The dimensional size of vessels used to catch fish was small boat (< 7 GT) with handline as fishing gears. Fish catches were dominated by skipjack (40.30%) followed by yellowfin tuna (30.90%), tuna juvenile (13.44%), frigate tuna (4.19%), albacore (3.41%), bigeye tuna (2.71%) and others (5.03%). The highest nominal CPUE occurred in January and February, accounted for 278 kg and 285 kg per day at sea respectively. The average diversity of fish and species richness in FADs area were 1.07674 and 1.3573 correspondingly. Overall results inform that diversity of fish, productivity and ecosystem were at sufficient condition and mid ecological pressure but species richness was in low condition. If this continues, it is possible that tuna diversity will decrease and endanger the survival of tuna species and others species related to the tuna.
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印尼西努沙登加拉岛龙目岛与时尚有关的小规模金枪鱼渔业特征
鱼类聚集装置在发展中国家被广泛用于吸引和收集中上层鱼类,并对鱼类生产产生积极影响。FAD的使用始于20世纪初,各国和各地区的名称各不相同。本研究调查了Labuhan Lombok小规模金枪鱼渔民使用的FAD的设计、部署、分布、密度和数量,包括渔船特征、渔具、渔获物组成、单位努力渔获物(CPUE)、鱼类多样性和物种丰富度。本研究共鉴定出65个FAD,其中47个呈正态分布。使用的FAD类型为锚定FAD,从Labuhan Lombok渔港延伸56.63至267.70海里。FAD的布置方式类似于围栏,其中一个与另一个之间的距离很近。预计这将扰乱金枪鱼向西努沙登加拉群岛周围小岛海峡的移动。用于捕鱼的船只的尺寸为小船(<7 GT),使用手提线作为渔具。鱼类捕获量以鲣鱼(40.30%)为主,其次是黄鳍金枪鱼(30.90%)、幼年金枪鱼(13.44%)、护卫舰金枪鱼(4.19%)、长鳍金枪鱼(3.41%)、大眼金枪鱼(2.71%)和其他金枪鱼(5.03%)。1月和2月的名义CPUE最高,分别为278公斤和285公斤。FADs区鱼类的平均多样性和物种丰富度分别为1.07674和1.3573。总体结果表明,鱼类多样性、生产力和生态系统处于充分状态和中等生态压力,但物种丰富度处于较低状态。如果这种情况继续下去,金枪鱼的多样性可能会减少,并危及金枪鱼物种和其他与金枪鱼有关的物种的生存。
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