Recommendations on the Optimal Constitutional Recognition of the First Nations in Australia

B. Gussen
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Abstract

This note extends my previous analysis of the constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (‘First Nations’) by providing guidance on the optimal approach for this recognition. The guidance is founded on the concepts of efficiency and equity. An optimal recognition is defined as one that achieves both objectives simultaneously. Efficiency flows from a dynamic recognition that changes over time relatively easily, as exemplified by a treaty-based approach. The equity criterion has, as a proxy, legal pluralism, whereby constitutional recognition enlivens ‘Indigenous jurisprudence’ through mechanisms such as self-governance. The proposal is to combine efficiency and equity by guaranteeing the collective rights of Indigenous Australians in accordance with universally recognised principles and norms of international law, such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (for which the Commonwealth of Australia announced its support in 2009). This in turn is likely to guide a treaty-based approach to the relationship between the Commonwealth and First Nations that can evolve towards legal pluralism.
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关于澳大利亚第一民族最佳宪法承认的建议
本说明扩展了我之前对宪法承认原住民和托雷斯海峡岛民(“原住民”)的分析,为这一承认的最佳方法提供了指导。该指南建立在效率和公平的概念之上。最佳识别被定义为同时实现两个目标的识别。效率来自于一种动态的认识,这种认识随着时间的推移相对容易发生变化,基于条约的方法就是一个例子。公平标准是法律多元主义的代表,宪法承认通过自治等机制活跃了“土著法学”。该提案旨在根据公认的国际法原则和规范,如《联合国土著人民权利宣言》(澳大利亚联邦于2009年宣布支持该宣言),保障澳大利亚土著人的集体权利,从而将效率和公平结合起来。这反过来可能会引导以条约为基础的方法来处理英联邦和第一民族之间的关系,这种关系可以朝着法律多元化的方向发展。
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