Prospects and problems in the development of biochar-filled plastic composites: a review

Abstract

This study is a review of published literature that discusses the utilization of biochar (BC) and plastics as filler and matrix, respectively, in a composite material. These composites, referred to as Biochar-filled plastic composites (BFPCs), play a significant role in the production of environmentally friendly materials. This paper provides an overview of BFPCs, their properties (mechanical, rheological, morphological, electrical, and thermal properties), fabrication techniques, and prospects and challenges associated with their development. Even though there have been previous studies on BFPCs, none of these studies have discussed the drawbacks and potential associated with the development of BFPCs. BCs’ small weight makes them a more appealing option than traditional mineral fillers when it comes to reducing vehicle weight. Due to their superior mechanical and thermal qualities, as well as their low carbon footprint, BC-filled plastic composites (BFPCs) play a significant role in the production of environmentally friendly materials. It was observed that either melt extrusion or injection molding are usually used to fabricate BFPC. It was observed that the properties of BFPCs are influenced by several factors such as the type and concentration of plastic, method of fabrication, the BC content, mixing uniformity of the mixture, wetting, and particle dispersion. Challenges of BFPCs were also discussed, such as the issue of particle agglomeration and poor interfacial bonding at high BC concentrations in the composite. Composites made from recycled polymers or biodegradable polymers can be developed to improve the composites’ overall sustainability.