Efficiency of soil basic tillage and mineral fertilization at growing of soybean on irrigation

N. Maliarchuk, А. Мaliarchuk, D. Bulyhin, L. Mishukova
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Abstract

In the article the brought results over of experimental researches of influence of different methods and depth of soil basic tillage and doses of mineral fertilization on agrophysical properties and productivity of soybean. A purpose of researches is establishment of the most effective methods of soil basic tillage and doses of application of mineral fertilizers at growing of soybean in row croprotation on the irrigation of south of Ukraine and their influence on a height and development of plants, forming of harvest and quality of seed. During an experiment used the field, in-gravimetric, visual, laboratory, calculation-comparative, mathematically-statistical methods with the use of confessedly methods and methodical recommendations. For determination of efficiency of action of soil basic tillage and doses of fertilizers on the productivity of soybean five variants of methods of basic tillage were stopped up and three variants of fertilizer systems: organic and two organo-mineral with doses bringing of mineral fertilizers - N30P60, N60P60 on a background of post harvesting bits and pieces of cultures of crop rotation and optimal mode of irrigation. Results. The changes of agrophysical properties happened under act of the systems of soil basic tillage, nourishing mode, that stipulated creation of different terms for a height and development of culture and forming of harvest. The productivity of seed of soybean at plowing on a 25-27 cm averaged for five years on a background the dose of fertilizers of N60P60 of 4,22 t/ha. At the combined tillage which united disk loosening on a 14-16 cm with slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm, 4,12 t/ha of seed of soybean is got in the system of differentiated-1 soil tillage. On the average on a factor B (system of fertilizer), the productivity of seed of soybean at organic system of fertilize made 2,38 t/ha. Bringing of dose N30P60 assisted the height of harvest on 0,84 t/ha, and N60P60 on 1,39 t/ha, or on 35,2 and 58,4% accordingly. Conclusion. In the short row crop rotation on the irrigated lands of south of Ukraine the most favorable terms for a height, development and forming of harvest of soybean on dark-chestnut soils are created in the systems of plowing basic soil tillage with the turn of layer or differentiated- 1 tillage with the deep loosening under soybean or shallow on a background slotting on a depth a 38-40 cm under a previous culture.
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土壤基础耕作和矿物肥料对大豆灌溉生长的影响
本文介绍了不同土壤基耕方法和深度、不同矿物肥料用量对大豆农艺性状和生产力影响的试验研究结果。研究的目的是确定乌克兰南部灌溉条件下大豆连作种植中最有效的土壤基础耕作方法和施用矿物肥料的剂量,以及它们对植物高度和发育、收获形成和种子质量的影响。在一次实验中,使用了该领域的重力、视觉、实验室、计算比较、数学统计方法,并使用了坦白的方法和有条不紊的建议。为了测定土壤基耕和肥料用量对大豆生产力的作用效率,停止了五种不同的基耕方法和三种不同的肥料系统:有机和两种有机矿物,N60P60,背景是收割后作物轮作和最佳灌溉模式的培养物。后果土壤物理性质的变化是在土壤基本耕作制度、营养模式等制度的作用下发生的,这些制度规定了不同时期的创造、文化的发展和收获的形成。在施用4,22t/ha的N60P60化肥的背景下,在25~27cm的土地上翻耕5年的大豆种子平均生产力。采用14~16cm圆盘松土与38~40cm插条相结合的组合耕作方式,在1号土不同耕作制度下可获得4、12t/ha大豆种子。在一个因子B(肥料体系)上,有机肥料体系下的大豆种子产量平均为2.38t/ha。N30P60剂量有助于0.84吨/公顷的收获高度,N60P60有助于1.39吨/公顷,或相应地有助于35.2%和58.4%的收获高度。结论在乌克兰南部灌溉土地上的短排作物轮作中,对高度最有利的条件是,黑栗土上大豆的发育和收获是在以前的栽培条件下,在翻层翻耕基础土壤耕作或在大豆下深松或在背景上浅开槽38-40cm的差异-1耕作系统中创造的。
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