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Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini最新文献

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ANALYSIS OF DIMENSIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL AREAS DURING TIME KEEPING YOUR POULTRY: OVERVIEW 饲养家禽期间技术区域的尺寸分析:概述
S. Khalin, V. Smolyar, O. Kovtun
Summary The purpose of the research is to analyze the size of technological areas under traditional and organic conditions for keeping poultry of various species. Research methods. Analytical studies on the size of technological areas under traditional and organic conditions for keeping poultry of various species were carried out on the example of poultry farming in developed European countries according to available scientific and informational reports, including in a comparative aspect. Results. Analytical studies have established that, according to the regulatory requirements of European countries with developed poultry farming, technological areas during floor, cascade keeping of chickens’ amount to 9 heads/m2 (for organic production of products - 6 heads/m2), a maximum of four levels of livestock placement is allowed (in terms of organic production - three levels). On poultry farms for keeping laying hens, group places for laying eggs are designed for 80-120 heads/m2. Perches for laying hens at the rate of 15 cm/head. (for organic production 18 cm/head). Walking areas for laying hens are arranged at the rate of 4 m2/head. Technological areas during keeping turkeys should not exceed 45 kg/m2 (21-30 kg/m2 is allowed in organic production). In the poultry house, geese must be kept at a processing area of 2 heads/m2 (15 kg/m2). For free-range keeping of geese, the technological area should be 10 m2/head. Organic geese need at least 15 m2/head. In the poultry house, ducks are kept at a technological area of 25 kg/m2. Conclusions. In European countries with developed poultry farming, there is an increase in the production of products based on the principles of organic farming and animal husbandry. Main trends regarding technological areas during poultry keeping: increase of technological areas by at least 50%; floor keeping of poultry; optimized cascade keeping of chickens; rational dimensions of the place for laying eggs, perches, etc.; free-range keeping of poultry; provided shelter for birds on walking platforms. The materials presented in the publication will be useful in the future for the development of design solutions for buildings of small poultry farms for keeping poultry. Key words: geese, turkeys, ducks, chickens, poultry farming, poultry farms, technological areas, keeping conditions.
本研究的目的是分析在传统和有机条件下饲养不同品种家禽的技术区规模。研究方法。以欧洲发达国家的家禽养殖为例,根据现有的科学和信息报告,包括在比较方面,对不同品种家禽在传统和有机条件下的技术区域规模进行了分析研究。结果。分析研究表明,根据欧洲家禽养殖发达国家的监管要求,技术区域在地板、梯级饲养鸡的数量为9头/m2(有机生产产品为6头/m2),最多允许放置4个级别的牲畜(有机生产方面为3个级别)。在蛋鸡养殖场,群产蛋场所设计为80-120头/m2。以15厘米/头的速度饲养蛋鸡。(有机生产18厘米/头)。蛋鸡行走区以每头4平方米的速度布置。饲养火鸡期间的技术面积不应超过45公斤/平方米(有机生产中允许21-30公斤/平方米)。在鸡舍中,鹅必须保持在2头/m2 (15 kg/m2)的加工区域。散养鹅的技术面积为10 m2/头。有机鹅每头至少需要15 m2。在禽舍中,鸭子被饲养在25公斤/平方米的技术区域。结论。在家禽养殖发达的欧洲国家,基于有机农业和畜牧业原则的产品产量有所增加。家禽饲养中技术领域的主要趋势:技术领域至少增加50%;家禽的室内饲养;优化梯级养鸡;产卵、栖息等场所的合理尺寸;自由放养家禽;在步行平台上为鸟类提供庇护所。本刊物所提供的资料,日后可为小型家禽饲养场的楼宇设计方案提供参考。关键词:鹅、火鸡、鸭、鸡、家禽养殖、家禽养殖场、技术区、饲养条件
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引用次数: 0
RESPONSE OF MAIZE HYBRIDS TO TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN WESTERN UKRAINE 乌克兰西部玉米杂交品种对耕作制度的响应
V. Dumych, D. Bova, O. Krupych
Summary The purpose of research: Evaluation of the impact of soil tillage systems on grain productivity and efficiency of growing new corn hybrids in the soil and climatic conditions of western Ukraine. Research methods: Field trials were conducted in Western Ukraine on fields with sod-podzolic carbonate-gley soils. The total experimental field area of 6 ha was divided into 15 experimental plots with three tillage systems (conventional, conservation, mulching) and five maize hybrids of different indices and maturity groups («Ajax» (FAO 210), «Amaros» (FAO 230), «Danubio» (FAO 260),» DSK 3730» (FAO 280) and «Artenio» (FAO 340)). The indicators were determined in three replications at each experimental site. Research results: The research has established that the highest yields of corn grain were obtained in plots with hybrids «Amaros» (FAO 230) and «DCS 3730» (FAO 280), which amounted to 11.59 and 11.37 t/ha, respectively. It should be noted that the «Amaros» hybrid responds well to shelf loosening of the soil, with a grain yield of 12.34 t/ha on the background of ploughing, and the «DCS 3730» hybrid formed the highest grain yield (12.18 t/ha) in the variant with mulching tillage. The grain productivity of hybrids «Ajax» (FAO 210) and «Danubio» (FAO 260) is approximately the same and was at the level of 10.24 and 10.65 t/ha, respectively. The lowest average grain yield (9.72 t/ha) for all tillage options was obtained in the mid-season hybrid «Artenio» (FAO 340). Grain yields of the studied hybrids in plots with conventional tillage ranged from 10.34 to 12.34 t/ha, with conservation tillage - from 9.03 to 11.42 t/ha, and with mulching tillage - from 9.57 to 12.18 t/ha. On average, all plots with conventional tillage had a profit of 43518 UAH/ha, which is 10.0% and 6.9% higher than in the variants with conservation tillage and mulching systems. Conclusions. It was found that medium-early maize hybrids Ajax, Amaros, Danubio respond positively to the depth of cultivation and intensity of soil crumbling (traditional and conservation systems). The hybrid DKS 3730 produced the highest grain yield in the area with mulch tillage. The highest economic efficiency of growing corn for grain was obtained in variants with traditional tillage, with the exception of the DSK 3730 hybrid, for which mulch tillage was the most effective. In terms of economic effect, the conservation tillage system was the worst. Key words: corn, tillage systems, corn hybrids, yield, efficiency.
研究目的:评价土壤耕作制度对乌克兰西部土壤和气候条件下玉米杂交作物产量和效率的影响。研究方法:在乌克兰西部的草灰化碳酸盐灰质土壤上进行了田间试验。试验田总面积为6公顷,分为15块试验田,采用三种耕作制度(常规耕作、保护性耕作和覆盖)和5种不同指数和成熟度组的杂交玉米(“Ajax”(FAO 210)、“Amaros”(FAO 230)、“Danubio”(FAO 260)、“DSK 3730”(FAO 280)和“Artenio”(FAO 340))。在每个试验点进行3次重复测定各项指标。研究结果:研究确定,杂交品种“Amaros”(FAO 230)和“DCS 3730”(FAO 280)的玉米籽粒产量最高,分别达到11.59吨/公顷和11.37吨/公顷。值得注意的是,“Amaros”杂交种对土壤的架子松弛反应良好,在耕作背景下的粮食产量为12.34吨/公顷,而“DCS 3730”杂交种在覆盖耕作的变体中形成了最高的粮食产量(12.18吨/公顷)。杂交品种“Ajax”(FAO 210)和“Danubio”(FAO 260)的粮食产量大致相同,分别为10.24和10.65吨/公顷。在所有耕作方式中,季中杂交品种“Artenio”的平均粮食产量最低(9.72吨/公顷)(FAO 340)。常规耕作条件下杂交种籽粒产量为10.34 ~ 12.34 t/ha,保护性耕作条件下为9.03 ~ 11.42 t/ha,覆盖耕作条件下为9.57 ~ 12.18 t/ha。采用常规耕作方式的地块平均利润为43518 UAH/ha,分别比采用保护性耕作和覆盖方式的地块高10.0%和6.9%。结论。研究发现,中早玉米杂交种Ajax、Amaros和Danubio对种植深度和土壤破碎强度(传统和保护性系统)有积极的响应。杂交种DKS 3730在覆盖耕作地区的产量最高。除dsk3730杂交种采用地膜耕作效果最佳外,采用传统耕作法种植玉米的经济效益最高。在经济效益方面,保护性耕作制度最差。关键词:玉米;耕作制度;玉米杂交种;
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY IN THE RAINFED CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE DEPENDING ON THE CROP’S VARIETAL TRAITS 乌克兰南部雨养条件下冬小麦产量的数学模型,取决于作物的品种特征
P. Lykhovyd
Abstract The paper is devoted to elucidation of the results of mathematical modeling of winter wheat yields, cultivated in the rain fed conditions of the South of Ukraine, depending on the varietal traits of the crop. The purpose of the study is the development of the mathematical equation of winter wheat varieties yields in the rain fed conditions of the steppe zone depending on such varietal traits of the crop as winter resistance, resistance to lodging, shedding, and drought. Methods.The methodology of multiple regression analysis was applied to conduct the research and develop the mathematical model of winter wheat ideotype. Experimental basis for mathematical modeling was represented by the results of ecological varietal testing, conducted in the rain fed conditions at the fields of PC «Zoria» and SE «Illich-Agro Zaporizhzhia». Evaluation of the model’s fitting quality and prediction accuracy was performed by the values of the multiple determination coefficient and mean absolute percentage error. To understand the influence of the studied traits on winter wheat productivity, rank correlations were calculated, and to establish the relationship and affinity between the varietal traits a matrix of Fechner’s correlation coefficients was computed. Mathematical computations were performed within Microsoft Excel 365 spreadsheets processor and BioStat v.7 statistical toolkit. Results. Mathematical evaluation of the studied varietal traits of winter wheat allowed to establish that the highest positive value in the crop’s yield formation in the rainfed conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine is attributed to drought tolerance (Pearson’s pairwise correlation coefficient is +0.19), while other factors play a secondary role or have negative effect on the crop’s productivity. Evaluation of the multiple regression model confirms the above results and additionally significant positive effect of shedding resistance. The multiple regression model has high adequacy (multiple correlation coefficient is 0.9791; determination coefficient is 0.9587; adjusted determination coefficient is 0.8463) and prediction accuracy (mean absolute percentage error is 18.45%). Conclusions. According to the results of multiple regression analysis and rank correlation calculations, the strongest effect on the crop’s productivity in the mentioned agro-productive conditions is provided by such a varietal trait as drought tolerance, while the minimum effect has cold (winter) resistance. The proposed mathematical model of winter wheat productivity in the rainfed conditions of the South of Ukraine has high fitting quality and moderately high prognostic value. Key words: winter resistance, ideotype of a variety, mathematical model, drought resistance, regression analysis, resistance to lodging, shedding resistance, yielding capacity.
摘要本文致力于阐明在乌克兰南部雨养条件下栽培的冬小麦产量的数学模型结果,这取决于作物的品种特征。本研究的目的是发展草原地区雨养条件下冬小麦品种产量的数学方程,这取决于作物的抗冬性、抗倒伏性、抗脱落性和抗旱性等品种性状。方法。运用多元回归分析方法对冬小麦理想型进行研究,建立了冬小麦理想型的数学模型。以PC“Zoria”和SE“Illich-Agro”在雨养条件下进行的生态品种试验结果为数学模型的实验基础。用多重决定系数和平均绝对百分比误差的值来评价模型的拟合质量和预测精度。为了了解所研究性状对冬小麦产量的影响,计算了等级相关系数,并计算了Fechner相关系数矩阵,以建立品种性状之间的关系和亲和性。数学计算在Microsoft Excel 365电子表格处理器和BioStat v.7统计工具包中进行。结果。对所研究的冬小麦品种性状进行数学评价,可以确定在乌克兰草原地区雨养条件下,作物产量形成的最高正值归因于耐旱性(Pearson’s成对相关系数为+0.19),而其他因素对作物的生产力起次要作用或产生负面影响。对多元回归模型的评价证实了上述结果,且抗脱落效应显著。多元回归模型充分性高(多元相关系数为0.9791;决定系数为0.9587;调整后的决定系数为0.8463),预测精度(平均绝对百分比误差为18.45%)。结论。多元回归分析和等级相关计算结果表明,在上述农业生产条件下,对作物生产力的影响最大的是耐旱性等品种性状,而对抗寒(冬)性的影响最小。本文提出的乌克兰南部旱作条件下冬小麦产量数学模型拟合质量高,预测价值中等。关键词:抗寒性,品种理想型,数学模型,抗旱性,回归分析,抗倒伏,抗脱落,生产能力
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引用次数: 0
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY OF INFORMATION SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES USING THE GOOGLE PATENTS SERVICE 利用谷歌专利服务的信息科技资源研究方法
V. Vetokhin, I. Negrebetsky, T. Ryzhkova, Y. Salo
Summary The purpose of research. Development of the methodology and determination of instrumental means of extracting the mass of information in accordance with the question being investigated, to determine the relevance, development trends and novelty of the applied research in the field of agricultural mechanical engineering. Research methods. Analytical study of the necessary actions between the stage of defining the task and achieving the result, with step-by-step removal of contradictions at each stage with the involvement of the logic of existing search engines. The Google Patents (GP) search system service was used as a tool. The results of the study. The method of extracting the array of knowledge in a specific field is proposed, taking into account the factors specific to the field. Contains stages: - preliminary definition of keywords or name; - search for full-text sources using the GP service (including non-patent literature (Google Scholar)); - expert selection of the closest analogue source from the search results page; - study of the analogue source page, in particular the Patent Citations, Similar Documents, Concepts machine-extracted sections. As an intermediate result - clarification of predefined keywords and repetition of the search cycle. A necessary component of the process is a self-learning human intellect. As a result, a set of full-text sources containing a body of knowledge on the chosen issue is formed. An example of a process in relation to the field of agricultural mechanical engineering is given. Conclusions. A technique for extracting an array of knowledge to determine the relevance, development trends and novelty of applied research in the field of technical sciences is proposed based on determining the correspondence of keywords and studying causal relationships that coincide with the principles of patent activity. The definition of the basic analogue and its key features according to the stages of technology development allows us to evaluate development trends and the contribution of subsequent scientific and technical solutions. The proposed technique can be used for self-learning of human intellect (researcher’s intellect). Some complexity of information processing is that promising elements of scientific and technical solutions can be described not in text-sign form, but presented (published) in a graphic format. Improving the methodology is possible in the direction of greater formalization of obtaining an objective result and less dependence on the qualifications of the researcher. Keywords: agricultural mechanical engineering, research methodology, information resources, applied scientific research, Google Patents service, human researcher’s self-learning intelligence, self-learning of human intellect, graphical information, textual information, transformation of information into knowledge.
研究目的。根据所研究的问题,开发提取大量信息的方法和确定仪器手段,以确定农业机械工程领域应用研究的相关性、发展趋势和新颖性。研究方法。分析研究确定任务和实现结果阶段之间的必要行动,在现有搜索引擎的逻辑参与下,逐步消除每个阶段的矛盾。使用谷歌Patents (GP)检索系统服务作为工具。研究的结果。提出了一种考虑特定领域特定因素的知识阵列提取方法。包含阶段:-初步定义关键字或名称;-使用GP服务搜索全文来源(包括非专利文献(b谷歌Scholar));-专家从搜索结果页面中选择最接近的模拟源;-研究模拟源页面,特别是专利引文,类似文件,概念机器提取的部分。作为中间结果-澄清预定义的关键字和重复搜索周期。这个过程的一个必要组成部分是自我学习的人类智力。结果,形成了一组包含所选问题的知识体系的全文来源。给出了一个与农业机械工程领域有关的过程实例。结论。提出了一种基于确定关键词对应关系和研究符合专利活动原则的因果关系的知识提取技术,以确定技术科学领域应用研究的相关性、发展趋势和新颖性。根据技术发展阶段对基本模拟及其关键特征的定义使我们能够评估发展趋势和后续科学技术解决方案的贡献。该技术可用于人类智力(研究者智力)的自我学习。信息处理的一些复杂性在于,科学和技术解决方案的有前途的元素可以不以文本符号形式描述,而是以图形格式呈现(发布)。在获得客观结果的更大形式化和减少对研究人员资格的依赖的方向上,改进方法是可能的。关键词:农业机械工程,研究方法论,信息资源,应用科学研究,谷歌专利服务,人类研究者自主学习智能,人类智能自主学习,图形信息,文本信息,信息转化为知识
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引用次数: 0
ON THE ISSUE OF IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE OF EUROPEAN APPROACHES TO TESTING PNEUMATIC BRAKING SYSTEMS OF AGRICULTURAL TRAILERS 关于在乌克兰实施欧洲方法测试农业拖车气动制动系统的问题
S. Postelga
Summary The purpose of the research: implementation in Ukraine of the technical requirements of the Delegated Regulation of the EU Commission 2015/68 on the parameters of pneumatic braking systems of agricultural trailers by preparing a methodological and technical base. Research methods: research was conducted in accordance with the methods specified in Commission delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/68, 2015; SOU L. Pohorilyi UkrNDIPVT 01.1-37-04604309-008 and DSTU 1.5. The main indicators of the effectiveness of the pneumatic braking system of the trailer, which must be determined during the conformity assessment tests, are: the effectiveness of the braking system during cold brakes (type 0 test); loss of braking system efficiency with heated brakes (type 1 test); effectiveness of emergency automatic braking; brake activation time; capacity of energy storage devices. Research results: To conduct testing of the pneumatic brake system of the trailer at L. Pohorilyi UkrNDIPVT developed, manufactured and adjusted a pneumatic braking simulator that would replace a tractor to actuate the braking system of a trailer, and serial measuring equipment was used. As a result of the work carried out, the operating manual «Brake-1. Efficiency of the braking system»; developed, agreed and approved standard of L. Pohorilyi UkrNDIPVT «Agricultural machinery. Pneumatic braking systems of agricultural trailers. Test methods». The research results were implemented during tests for the European type approval of agricultural trailers produced by VARZ LLC. Conclusions. The developed methodical and technical bases contribute to the implementation in Ukraine of the technical requirements of the Delegated Regulation of the EU Commission 2015/68 on the parameters of pneumatic braking systems of agricultural trailers and make it possible to carry out testing of the equipment of domestic manufacturers without taking them outside Ukraine and to receive certificates of approval of the type of the European sample. Keywords: agricultural trailers, pneumatic braking system; testing; braking simulator; type approval certificate.
研究目的:通过准备方法和技术基础,在乌克兰实施欧盟委员会2015/68授权法规关于农业拖车气动制动系统参数的技术要求。研究方法:根据欧盟委员会授权法规(EU) 2015/68, 2015中规定的方法进行研究;苏林。波霍里伊。乌克兰。ndipvt . 01.1-37-04604309-008和DSTU . 1.5。在合格评定试验中必须确定的拖车气动制动系统有效性的主要指标是:冷制动(0型试验)时制动系统的有效性;加热刹车时制动系统效率损失(1型试验);紧急自动制动的有效性;制动激活时间;储能设备容量。研究结果:为了在L. Pohorilyi UkrNDIPVT进行拖车气动制动系统的测试,开发、制造和调整了一个气动制动模拟器,该模拟器可以代替拖拉机驱动拖车的制动系统,并使用了串行测量设备。由于所进行的工作,操作手册«Brake-1。制动系统的效率»;制定,商定和批准了L. Pohorilyi UkrNDIPVT农业机械标准。农用拖车气动制动系统。测试方法。”研究结果在VARZ有限责任公司生产的农用挂车欧洲型式认证试验中得到了实施。开发的方法和技术基础有助于在乌克兰实施欧盟委员会2015/68关于农业拖车气动制动系统参数的授权法规的技术要求,并使其能够在不将其带到乌克兰境外的情况下对国内制造商的设备进行测试,并获得欧洲样品类型的批准证书。关键词:农用挂车;气动制动系统;测试;制动模拟器;型式认可证书。
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引用次数: 0
ASSESSMENT OF THE WORK QUALITY OF PRISMATIC ROLLER STEP KPP-6 kpp-6圆柱滚子台阶的工作质量评价
L. Shustik, S. Sidorenko, V. Maidanovych, S. Stepchenko, O. Klochay, O. Len
Summary The purpose of research. Evaluation of the quality of technological process performance by the «STEP KPP-6» roller according to such criteria as the intensity and degree of soil compaction, the uniformity of bottom compaction, the degree of destruction of the cracked surface of the soil, the correspondence of the values obtained during the tests to the levels of professional assessment. Research methods. Analytical review of the design, field experiment, determination of indicators by standardized methods and statistical data processing. Results. The research results proved that the prismatic «STEP KPP-6» roller stably performs the technological process of rolling with satisfactory indicators of the quality of work and can be effectively used for its intended purpose. Rolling the surface of the soil, the roller at the same time intensively acts on the bottom, compacting it, which ensures close adherence of the seed to the bottom of the seed bed to obtain uniform and friendly seedlings. The density of the soil in a layer up to 15 cm before the passage of the roller was 0.97 g/cm3, after the passage was 1.15 g/cm3, compaction was 0.18 g/cm3. With the increase in the depth of preliminary tillage after passing the roller, a sharp decrease in the degree of soil compaction is noted: from 72% (at an average depth of 5 cm) to 58% (at an average depth of 10.6 cm). It is also significant to reduce the intensity and uniformity of bottom compaction from 100% to 32% and from 24% to 10% respectively. In addition, the roller ensures the destruction and loosening of the cracked surface of the field by 88% in one pass and by up to 97% in two passes both before sowing and in the presence of seedlings of cultivated plants. Conclusions. Research has established that the «STEP KPP-6» roller has universal structural and technological solutions, meets the technological requirements of a consumer, performs the rolling process with high quality, which, along with an attractive price, puts the machine in the line of high-quality import substitution offers. The use of the «STEP KPP-6» roller is recommended before sowing after deep cultivation for sedimentation of the soil, formation of lower horizons and prevention of their drying by covering the surface with a loosened layer of soil and after sowing to ensure contact of seeds with the soil, effective at destroying the cracked soil surface without and with plants. Key words: rolling, roller, soil density, compaction, tillage depth, crust destruction, cracked soil surface.
研究目的。根据诸如土壤压实的强度和程度、底部压实的均匀性、土壤表面裂纹的破坏程度、测试期间获得的值与专业评估水平的对应程度等标准,对«STEP KPP-6»压路机的工艺过程性能质量进行评估。研究方法。对设计进行分析评审,进行现场试验,采用标准化方法确定指标,并对统计数据进行处理。结果。研究结果证明,棱柱形«STEP KPP-6»轧辊稳定地执行轧制工艺过程,具有令人满意的工作质量指标,并且可以有效地用于其预期目的。在滚动土壤表面的同时,辊子强烈作用于底部,将其压实,确保种子与苗床底部紧密附着,获得均匀友好的幼苗。压路机通过前15 cm土层的土壤密度为0.97 g/cm3,通过后土层的土壤密度为1.15 g/cm3,压实度为0.18 g/cm3。随着压路机后初耕深度的增加,土壤压实度急剧下降:从72%(平均深度为5 cm)下降到58%(平均深度为10.6 cm)。底压强度由100%降至32%,均匀度由24%降至10%,均有显著效果。此外,辊子确保在播种前和种植植物幼苗存在时,一次通过88%的破坏和松动田地的裂纹表面,两次通过高达97%。结论。研究表明,“STEP KPP-6”辊具有通用的结构和技术解决方案,满足消费者的技术要求,执行高质量的轧制过程,这与有吸引力的价格一起,使机器成为高质量的进口替代产品。建议在深耕后播种前使用“STEP KPP-6”压路机,以沉淀土壤,形成较低的土层,并通过在土壤表面覆盖一层松散的土壤来防止土壤干燥,播种后确保种子与土壤接触,有效地破坏没有植物和有植物的开裂土壤表面。关键词:碾压,压路机,土壤密度,压实,耕作深度,结皮破坏,土壤表面开裂。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF DISK WEAR OF THE SOIL PROCESSING UNIT DL-2.5 DURING TESTS IN EXPERIMENTAL OPERATION 土处理机组dl-2.5试验运行过程中盘磨损的研究
S. Khalin, L. Shustik, S. Stepchenko, S. Sydorenko, T. Gaidai
Summary The purpose of research. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the wear of the disc working bodies of the DL-2.5 soil tillage unit on the basis of monitoring their condition during tests in the conditions of experimental operation over a 6-year period and forecasting the possibility of further operation of the unit. Research methods. Analysis of the machine design, determination of the linear dimensions of discs by standardized measurement methods and statistical data processing. Research results. The intensity of the wear of the disk working bodies depending on the earnings, the forecast of the resource before the loss of quality is established. Conclusions. On the basis of experimental studies, objective and reliable information was obtained about the parameters of the wear of the disc working bodies of the DL-2.5 soil-cultivation unit in the conditions of economic operation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. During the six-year period of testing, with a total volume of work performed by the unit of 2430.6 ha (2017 – 395,4 ha; 2018 – 413,3 ha; 2019 – 456,3 ha; 2020 – 357,6 ha; 2021 – 400,0 ha; 2022 – 408,0 ha) and the achievement of cultivation per disc - 120 ha, the wear of the working edge of the discs of the front and rear rows amounted to 21,1 mm and 11,5 mm, respectively, for the permissible value of 35 mm, or in percentages, respectively - 60,2 and 32,8. Accordingly, the estimated residual resource is forecast at the level of 39,8 % and 67,2 %. According to the results of resource tests during 2017-2022, the unit maintained its operable condition, provided the necessary regulation, aggregation, transportation and had an aesthetic appearance. The obtained results can be used by machine builders as an informative base for fine-tuning disks and forming standards for their performance, and by manufacturers of g. products, as information on the choice of reliable equipment and the potential of its service life. Prospects of research in this direction consist in the possible multiplicity of accounting for the general conditions of operation of disk tools, the variability of structural and technological schemes, and can also be used as methodical material for p. g. machines that have discs in their composition. Keywords: soil tillage unit; trial; disk working body; boring steel; wear and tear; projected resource.
研究目的。通过对DL-2.5型土壤耕作机组盘式工作机构在6年试验运行条件下的工况监测,对盘式工作机构磨损的定量和定性参数进行评价,并对机组进一步运行的可能性进行预测。研究方法。分析了机床的设计,通过标准化的测量方法和统计数据处理确定了圆盘的线性尺寸。研究的结果。盘式工作机构磨损的强度取决于收益,建立了对资源损失前质量的预测。结论。在试验研究的基础上,获得了在乌克兰森林草原地区经济运行条件下DL-2.5型土壤耕作机组盘形工作体磨损参数的客观可靠信息。在为期六年的测试期间,该单位完成的总工作量为2430.6公顷(2017年- 395,4公顷;2018 - 413,3公顷;2019 - 456,3公顷;2020 - 357,6公顷;2021年- 400,0公顷;2022 - 408,0公顷)和实现每盘种植- 120公顷,前排和后排盘的工作边缘磨损分别为21.1毫米和11.5毫米,允许值为35毫米,或百分比分别为- 60,2和32,8。据此,估计剩余资源量分别为39.8%和67.2%。根据2017-2022年期间的资源测试结果,该装置保持了其可操作状态,提供了必要的调节、聚合、运输,并具有美观的外观。获得的结果可以被机器制造商用作微调磁盘和形成其性能标准的信息基础,也可以被产品制造商用作选择可靠设备及其使用寿命潜力的信息。在这个方向上的研究前景包括对圆盘工具的一般操作条件的可能的多重计算,结构和技术方案的可变性,也可以用作在其组成中有圆盘的p.g.机器的系统材料。关键词:土壤耕作单元;试验;磁盘工作体;无聊的钢铁;磨损;预计资源。
{"title":"STUDY OF DISK WEAR OF THE SOIL PROCESSING UNIT DL-2.5 DURING TESTS IN EXPERIMENTAL OPERATION","authors":"S. Khalin, L. Shustik, S. Stepchenko, S. Sydorenko, T. Gaidai","doi":"10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31473/2305-5987-2023-1-32(46)-6","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The purpose of research. Evaluation of the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the wear of the disc working bodies of the DL-2.5 soil tillage unit on the basis of monitoring their condition during tests in the conditions of experimental operation over a 6-year period and forecasting the possibility of further operation of the unit. Research methods. Analysis of the machine design, determination of the linear dimensions of discs by standardized measurement methods and statistical data processing. Research results. The intensity of the wear of the disk working bodies depending on the earnings, the forecast of the resource before the loss of quality is established. Conclusions. On the basis of experimental studies, objective and reliable information was obtained about the parameters of the wear of the disc working bodies of the DL-2.5 soil-cultivation unit in the conditions of economic operation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. During the six-year period of testing, with a total volume of work performed by the unit of 2430.6 ha (2017 – 395,4 ha; 2018 – 413,3 ha; 2019 – 456,3 ha; 2020 – 357,6 ha; 2021 – 400,0 ha; 2022 – 408,0 ha) and the achievement of cultivation per disc - 120 ha, the wear of the working edge of the discs of the front and rear rows amounted to 21,1 mm and 11,5 mm, respectively, for the permissible value of 35 mm, or in percentages, respectively - 60,2 and 32,8. Accordingly, the estimated residual resource is forecast at the level of 39,8 % and 67,2 %. According to the results of resource tests during 2017-2022, the unit maintained its operable condition, provided the necessary regulation, aggregation, transportation and had an aesthetic appearance. The obtained results can be used by machine builders as an informative base for fine-tuning disks and forming standards for their performance, and by manufacturers of g. products, as information on the choice of reliable equipment and the potential of its service life. Prospects of research in this direction consist in the possible multiplicity of accounting for the general conditions of operation of disk tools, the variability of structural and technological schemes, and can also be used as methodical material for p. g. machines that have discs in their composition. Keywords: soil tillage unit; trial; disk working body; boring steel; wear and tear; projected resource.","PeriodicalId":34711,"journal":{"name":"Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69816619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TRENDS IN ROBOTISATION OF MOBILE AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT 移动农业设备机器人化的趋势
V. Pogorilyy, V. Mukha
Summary The purpose of this article is research of the level of development and features of agricultural robots offered by global manufacturers and directions of robotics and their technological use in field crop rotations;the structuring and assessment of the prospects for the use of robotic agricultural autonomous means (robots) in field crop rotation. Methods: сase-studies of robotic agricultural autonomous means (robots) that are proposed for the use of mechanized processes in field crop rotations; structuring of technical solutions of robots according to their technological features and energy sources; analysis of navigation algorithms, sensor systems, artificial intelligence and other important components that are characteristic of field robots; identification of key developers/manufacturers of field robots, features of their proposed directions of robotics and technological use in field crop rotations; assessing the prospects for the application of field robots and the technological benefits of their application and taking into account the challenges such as legal aspects, safety and acceptance of the technology by farmers. Results. The conducted factor analyzes of the structural elements of field robots show that both traditional tractors and special chassis are used to transform energy into traction and drive capacity, and different levels of sensor and software are achieved. This made it possible to assess the autonomy levels of field robots and predict the scope of application depending on the power. The tractor, retrofitted with sensors and appropriate programs, provides semi-autonomous performance of basic operations in a unit with traditional agricultural machines in field crop rotations, but the presence of a person is still mandatory. Conclusions. New directions for the development of field robots use convergent technologies and are based on the deep modernization of tractors and the use of specially designed chassis with their own transmissions (concepts), the use of new energy sources and a significantly higher level of autonomy and remote control of work modes. Concepts are created as single designs and are oriented towards the performance of separate operations in a unit with agricultural machines, or with special attachments for working bodies and even in single-row execution. As a rule, they have an electric transmission, but not high power, which narrows the scope of their application. Keywords: robotic agricultural tools, field robots, autonomous tractors, electric tractors, agricultural robots, control systems of agricultural tools, mobile autonomous tools.
本文的目的是研究全球制造商提供的农业机器人的发展水平和特点以及机器人技术及其在大田轮作中的应用方向;构建和评估机器人农业自主手段(机器人)在大田轮作中的应用前景。方法:对机器人农业自主手段(机器人)的研究,建议在大田作物轮作中使用机械化过程;根据机器人的技术特点和能源,构建机器人的技术方案;分析导航算法、传感器系统、人工智能和其他具有野外机器人特征的重要组成部分;确定田间机器人的主要开发商/制造商,他们提出的机器人技术方向的特点和在田间作物轮作中的技术应用;评估田间机器人的应用前景及其应用的技术效益,并考虑到法律方面、安全和农民对技术的接受等挑战。结果。对野外机器人结构要素进行因子分析表明,采用传统拖拉机和特种底盘两种方式将能量转化为牵引力和驱动能力,实现了不同层次的传感器和软件。这使得评估野外机器人的自主水平和预测根据功率的应用范围成为可能。这款拖拉机改装了传感器和适当的程序,与传统农业机械一起,在田间轮作中提供半自主的基本操作,但仍然需要有人在场。结论。野外机器人发展的新方向是采用融合技术,并基于拖拉机的深度现代化和使用专门设计的底盘与自己的传动(概念),使用新能源和更高水平的自主性和远程控制的工作模式。概念是作为单一设计创建的,面向与农业机械或工作机构的特殊附件在一个单元中单独操作的性能,甚至在单行执行中。一般来说,它们有电力传动,但功率不高,这缩小了它们的应用范围。关键词:机器人农具,田间机器人,自主拖拉机,电动拖拉机,农业机器人,农具控制系统,移动式自主农具
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引用次数: 0
MATRICAL SEED DIVERSITY AND BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF SOYBEAN PLANTS 大豆种子物质多样性及生物特征指标研究
M. Novokhatsky
Abstract The aim of the research was to establish the patterns of soybean plants formation, depending on the matrix diversity of the sown seeds. Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the conditions of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine (Kyiv agro-soil district of the right-bank forest-steppe). Factors of the experiment: factor A – variety (A1 – «Kyivska 98»; A2 – «Chernyatka»); factor B – the place of sown seed formation on the mother plant (B1 – lower tier (1–5th stem nodes), B2 – middle tier (6–10th stem nodes), B3 – upper tier (11th stem node and above), B4 – lateral branches). Soy was grown according to the technology traditional for the region, with the exception of the elements included in the experiment scheme. The influence of the studied factors on the growth of soybean plants was established by determining biometric indicators during the analysis of the sample bundle. The results. The analysis of plant height data indicates that the tallest plants of both soybean varieties were sown with seeds that were formed in the lower layer of the mother plants. The higher the sown grain was formed on the mother plant, the lower the plants that developed from it were. There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height of the plants of the next generation, expressed by the correlation coefficient r = –0.517. Our analysis shows the existence of weak inverse correlation dependence between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.504. A tighter inverse relationship exists between the place of seed formation on the mother plant and the number of nodes with beans on the main stem in plants of the next generation: r = –0.762. Correlation analysis indicates that the height of attachment of the lower beans, according to the experimental data we obtained, is connected by a direct correlation, expressed by the coefficient r = 0.913, with the height of plants and an average inverse correlation with the place (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant (r = –0.517). Conclusions. On the basis of experimental data, it was established that in the conditions of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, biometric indicators of soybean plants depend on the variety, the place of seed formation on the mother plant, as well as on other conditions. Sowing with seeds formed in the lower tier of the main stem of mother plants causes the formation of plants with maximum plant height indicators (84.4 cm in «Kyivska 98» variety and 81.2 cm in «Chernyatka» variety), stem thickness at the root neck (6.1 mm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety and 6.3 mm in plants of «Chernyatka» variety), the height of attachment of lower beans (17.9 cm in plants of «Kyivska 98» variety, 18.1 cm in plants of «Сhernyatka» variety). There is an inverse correlation between the height (tier) of seed formation on the mother plant and the height
摘要本研究旨在建立大豆种子基质多样性对植株形成的影响模式。方法。野外试验在乌克兰右岸森林草原条件下进行(右岸森林草原基辅农业土壤区)。试验因素:因子A -品种(A1 -«Kyivska 98»;A2 -«切尔尼亚特卡»);因子B -在母株上播种形成种子的位置(B1 -下层(1 - 5茎节),B2 -中层(6 - 10茎节),B3 -上层(11茎节及以上),B4 -侧枝)。大豆是按照该地区的传统技术种植的,除了试验方案中包含的元素。在样品束分析过程中,通过测定生物特征指标,确定了所研究因素对大豆植株生长的影响。结果。株高分析表明,两个大豆品种的最高株都是由母株下层形成的种子播种的。在母本上形成的籽粒越高,由其发育而来的植株越低。母株种子形成高度(层数)与下一代植株高度呈负相关,相关系数r = -0.517。我们的分析表明,在母株上形成种子的位置与下一代植株的主茎节数之间存在弱的负相关依赖关系:r = -0.504。母株种子形成位置与下一代植株主茎结豆数呈更紧密的反比关系,r = -0.762。相关分析表明,根据实验数据,下豆附着高度与植株高度呈正相关关系,系数r = 0.913,与母株上形成种子的位置(层)呈平均负相关关系(r = -0.517)。结论。在实验数据的基础上,确定了在乌克兰右岸森林草原条件下,大豆植物的生物特征指标取决于品种、种子形成在母株上的位置以及其他条件。播种的种子形成较低的层的主要干的植物植物的形成原因与最大株高指标(84.4厘米98年«Kyivska»多样性和81.2厘米«Chernyatka»品种),阀杆在根颈部厚度(6.1毫米在植物的«Kyivska 98»植物的多样性和6.3毫米的«Chernyatka»品种),附件的高度较低的bean(17.9厘米在«Kyivska 98»各种植物,植物的18.1厘米的«Сhernyatka»品种)。母株种子形成高度(层数)与下一代株高度呈负相关,相关系数r = -0.517。母株种子形成层数与下一代植株根颈附近茎粗呈负相关r = -0.782。下豆附着高度与植株高度呈正相关关系(r = 0.913),与母株上形成种子的位置(层)呈平均负相关关系(r = -0.598)。关键词:大豆;种子;生物特征指标;
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引用次数: 0
FORECAST ESTIMATES OF YIELD AND INDIRECT PRODUCTION LOSSES OF MAIN AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN UKRAINE IN 2023 UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW 在戒严令条件下,2023年乌克兰主要农作物产量和间接生产损失的预测估计
S. Khalin, N. Maidanovych, R. Saidak, M. Novokhatskyi
Summary The purpose of the work is to highlight the results of forecasting the yield and production of the main agricultural crops in 2023 based on the operational data of remote agromonitoring and the assessment of indirect losses of the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in Ukraine under martial law. Methods and materials. Predictive estimates of the yield of agricultural crops are calculated on the basis of statistical data on their productivity for the period 2000-2022 and remote agricultural monitoring data (NDVI indices) on the state of crops in Ukraine in the spring of 2023. Standard methods of correlation-regression analysis were used to establish relationships between NDVI indicators and regional average yield values of the main field crops. Potential indirect production losses of the group of grain and leguminous crops in Ukraine in 2023 were calculated based on the dynamics of the reduction of sowing and harvesting areas in the conditions of martial law and, accordingly, from the losses for the country’s agrarian sector due to the lack of potential profit from the sale of grain, estimated at domestic purchase prices. Results. According to estimates based on actual winter sowing volumes and spring sowing rates, the harvested area of grain and leguminous crops in 2023 is expected to be about 10.4 million hectares. The average yield of grain and leguminous crops in Ukraine as a whole is predicted with a probability of 80-85% at the level of 47-49 t/ha, which according to preliminary estimates is close to last year’s value and the average indicators of the pre-war level. At the same time, the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops is expected at the level of 48.4-50.5 million tons, compared to the average pre-war level of 75 million tons. That is, the losses from military aggression only for the loss of production of this group of crops currently reach about 25-24 million tons or more than UAH 150 billion. Conclusions. Military aggression against Ukraine will have negative consequences for the cultivation of agricultural crops in 2023, mainly due to the shortage of mineral fertilizers, pesticides and other means of production, the general reduction of sown areas and a number of other negative economic consequences, however, the projected production volumes of grain crops are currently sufficient to ensure needs of the Ukrainian population.
本工作旨在重点介绍基于远程农业监测运行数据和评估戒严令下乌克兰粮食和豆科作物总产收间接损失的2023年主要农作物产量和产量预测结果。方法和材料。农作物产量的预测估计是根据2000-2022年期间农作物生产力的统计数据和乌克兰2023年春季作物状况的远程农业监测数据(NDVI指数)计算的。采用标准的相关回归分析方法建立NDVI指标与区域主要大田作物平均产量之间的关系。2023年乌克兰谷物和豆科作物组的潜在间接生产损失是根据戒严条件下播种和收获面积减少的动态情况计算的,因此,根据国内收购价格估计的粮食销售缺乏潜在利润对该国农业部门造成的损失计算的。结果。根据实际冬播量和春播率估算,2023年粮食和豆科作物收获面积预计约为1040万公顷。预计乌克兰谷物和豆科作物的平均产量在47-49吨/公顷的水平上有80-85%的可能性,根据初步估计,这接近去年的值和战前水平的平均指标。与此同时,谷物和豆科作物的总收成预计为4840万至5050万吨,而战前的平均水平为7500万吨。也就是说,军事侵略造成的损失,仅是这类作物的产量损失,目前就达到2500 - 2400万吨,超过1500亿阿联酋元。结论。对乌克兰的军事侵略将对2023年的农作物种植产生不利影响,主要原因是矿物肥料、农药和其他生产资料短缺,播种面积普遍减少,以及其他一些不利的经济后果,然而,目前预计的粮食作物产量足以确保乌克兰人口的需求。
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Tekhnikotekhnologichni aspekti rozvitku ta viprobuvannia novoyi tekhniki i tekhnologii dlia sil''s''kogo gospodarstva Ukrayini
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