To Study The Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern, Molecular Profiling And Its Sequencing Analysis Of Trichophyton Rubrum Isolated From Human Sample: A Cross Sectional Case Study From Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Introduction: There has been a sudden, unexplained surge in dermatophytoses in India since past 5 years. T. rubrum being the most common etiological agent isolated from clinically diagnosed lesions of cutaneus dermatophytosis. It has a significantly higher capacity of transmission than other anthropophilic dermatophytes. Aim and Objective: To study the Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern , Molecular Profiling and its Sequencing Analysis of  Trichophyton rubrum isolated from human Sample. Material and Methods: This was a a prospective study carried out in the Department of Microbiology at Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre Mandhana, Kanpur for a period of 1 year i.e, March 2017 to March 2018.  A total of 375 clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infection were collected with proper informed consent. Dermatophytosis was confirmed in cases by direct microscopy and culture methods. Antifungal drug susceptibility profiles,  MIC of isolates were 50 90 determined using the broth microdilution method according to the CLSI guidelines. The DNA isolation was done using the Qiagen DNA extraction kit followed by the PCR. The sequencing methods were used for the genetic analysis of virulence gene for the confirmation. Results: Out of the total of 375 clinically suspected cases of superficial fungal infection 31 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum were studied.  The ratio of Male were more 27 (87%) as compared to the Female  4 (12.9% ). The maximum number of isolates was found in the Skin 28 (90.3%) followed by the Nail 3 (9.6%). The ITZ was most sensitive toward T. rubrum than KTZ, TBF, and FCZ. The molecular characterization for the detection of  18s gene was performed  which was confirmed by the Sequencing Analysis. Conclusion: Antifungal resistance against T. rubrum is increasing over the last few decades due to genetic diversity in the fungal genome. The molecular identification is a gold standard technique for the identification of T. rubrum allowing important factor in providing fungal infection prevention and treatment approaches.