Palynology of Belarus: a method and scientific direction in the study of Glaciopleistocene and Holocene deposits

Y. Yelovicheva
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Abstract

Studying for 80 years in Belarus the most promising palynological method (high productivity of pollen and spores of plants, their distribution and good preservation in various sediments, high information content of fossil palynomorphs) of the Glaciopleistocene and Holocene strata, made it possible to recreate the development of the natural environment of the last 800 thsd years in a more complicated version according to the chronological record in the continental sediments of paleoreservoirs. The complexity of the research has made an important contribution to the local and long-range correlation of the obtained materials from oceanic or marine bottom formations on the basis of the developed MIS-1 – MIS-19 scale on a geochronological basis. Data from 1300 sections of the region were used in order to provide a promising solution to modern scientific theoretical problems (substantiation of the chronology of natural events, development of a complicated stratigraphic scheme (8 glacials and 9 interglacials), expansion of the paleogeographic aspect by a significantly larger number of natural environment components (landscape type, type and group of forest flora, general composition of palynoflora and exotics, composition and ratio of geographical elements of flora, area of modern concentration of fossil flora species, migration of forest-forming species, macrosuccession of paleophytocenoses, incompleteness of the Holocene interglacial, rhythmicity of macrosuccessions, duration of interglacials, natural zones and their dynamics, migratory nature of forest floras, groups of palynological diagrams, zoning of the territory according to spectra, climate, sedimentation, change of water level, evolution of paleoreservoirs, anthropogenic factor, water flow dynamics, natural phenomena and forecast of future habitat change)) and applied (growth of palynological support of the region for the needs of largescale geological survey with mapping of sections and deposits of minerals and building materials, areas of rocks and ancient exotics, participation in scientific projects and great publication of results, use of computer technologies, creation of palynological database, enrichment of the younger generation with these latest knowledge and their implementation in the educational process (the creation of new maps and photo illustrations on morphology, stratigraphy, paleogeography, paleoecology, updating lecture aids and workshops, educational and methodological complexes, multimedia presentations)) of the palynology of Belarus.
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白俄罗斯孢粉学:研究冰川更新世和全新世沉积的方法和科学方向
在白俄罗斯进行了80年的冰更新世和全新世地层孢粉学研究(植物花粉和孢子的高产,它们在各种沉积物中的分布和保存良好,化石孢粉形态的信息含量高),使得根据古水库大陆沉积物的年代学记录,以更复杂的方式重建过去800年自然环境的发展成为可能。研究的复杂性为在已开发的MIS-1 - MIS-19年代学尺度的基础上对海洋或海底地层获得的材料进行局部和远程对比做出了重要贡献。利用该地区1300个剖面的数据,为现代科学理论问题(自然事件年代学的证实、复杂地层方案(8个冰川期和9个间冰期)的发展、大量自然环境成分(景观类型、森林植物类型和群、孢粉植物和外来植物的一般组成)对古地理方面的扩展提供了有希望的解决方案。植物区系地理元素的组成和比例、化石植物区系的现代集中区域、造林物种的迁移、古植物区系的大演替、全新世间冰期的不完整性、大演替的节律性、间冰期的持续时间、自然带及其动态、森林区系的迁移性质、孢粉图群、根据光谱、气候、沉积、水位变化划分的领土。古水库的演变、人为因素、水流动力学、自然现象和未来生境变化的预测)和应用(增加该区域的孢粉学支持,以满足大规模地质调查的需要,包括绘制矿物和建筑材料的剖面和矿床、岩石和古代外来物区、参与科学项目和大量出版成果、利用计算机技术、建立孢粉学数据库;用这些最新知识丰富年轻一代,并将其应用于白俄罗斯孢粉学的教育过程(制作关于形态学、地层学、古地理学、古生态学的新地图和照片插图,更新讲座辅助工具和讲习班,教育和方法综合体,多媒体演示)。
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