Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-69-87
Y. Perevedentsev, Petr S. Lopuch, Yulia A. Hledko, Katsiaryna S. Berezhkova, Van Khao, T. Schlender
The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the thermal regime the Republic of Belarus and the European territory of Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study regional climatic changes in the context of modern global warming. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the region in the period 1900–2019 in all months of the year the air temperature rises at different rates. Warming occurs more intensely during the December – March period. The dependence of the thermal regime on the type of circulation modes has been established. The fire hazard on the territory of Belarus, the dynamics of dangerous meteorological phenomena depending on the navigation period and the distribution of stratospheric ozone as one of the most important climatic factors are considered.
{"title":"Features of climate change in the European territory of the Union State of Russia and Belarus","authors":"Y. Perevedentsev, Petr S. Lopuch, Yulia A. Hledko, Katsiaryna S. Berezhkova, Van Khao, T. Schlender","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-69-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-69-87","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the assessment of changes in the thermal regime the Republic of Belarus and the European territory of Russia. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to study regional climatic changes in the context of modern global warming. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in the region in the period 1900–2019 in all months of the year the air temperature rises at different rates. Warming occurs more intensely during the December – March period. The dependence of the thermal regime on the type of circulation modes has been established. The fire hazard on the territory of Belarus, the dynamics of dangerous meteorological phenomena depending on the navigation period and the distribution of stratospheric ozone as one of the most important climatic factors are considered. ","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44487524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-23DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-43-54
Andrei P. Bezruchonak, Maksim A. Dubavets
A comparative geographical characteristic of the economic specialisation of cities of regional subordination and the city of Minsk in the context of the main sectors of the economy (sections of types of economic activity) was carried out for 2010–2020. Using materials from the database of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the coefficients of specialisation for the considered cities were calculated. Using the cartographic method, the leading economic specialisation (the highest values of the coefficients) of the cities in the intra-republican division of labour is reflected. The research allows us to talk about changes in the economic specialisation of the cities of regional subordination and the city of Minsk, while the nature of the dynamics of economic specialisation differs by city. A general pattern in the dynamics of economic specialisation has not been established for the entire group of analysed cities. The most cities are characterising by the absence of pronounced changes in specialisation for 2010–2015. The dynamics of economic specialisation takes place for Baranovichi, Pinsk, Novopolotsk and Mogilev. The minor shifts were revealed in specialisation of eight cities and a pronounced change in specialisation of Grodno for 2016–2020. The authors developed a grouping of cities according to the number of specialised sections of types of economic activity. Spatial differences are revealed between western and eastern cities in economic specialisation in terms of production and service sectors.
{"title":"Economic and geographical analysis of changes in the economic specialisation of the cities of Belarus","authors":"Andrei P. Bezruchonak, Maksim A. Dubavets","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-43-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-43-54","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative geographical characteristic of the economic specialisation of cities of regional subordination and the city of Minsk in the context of the main sectors of the economy (sections of types of economic activity) was carried out for 2010–2020. Using materials from the database of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus, the coefficients of specialisation for the considered cities were calculated. Using the cartographic method, the leading economic specialisation (the highest values of the coefficients) of the cities in the intra-republican division of labour is reflected. The research allows us to talk about changes in the economic specialisation of the cities of regional subordination and the city of Minsk, while the nature of the dynamics of economic specialisation differs by city. A general pattern in the dynamics of economic specialisation has not been established for the entire group of analysed cities. The most cities are characterising by the absence of pronounced changes in specialisation for 2010–2015. The dynamics of economic specialisation takes place for Baranovichi, Pinsk, Novopolotsk and Mogilev. The minor shifts were revealed in specialisation of eight cities and a pronounced change in specialisation of Grodno for 2016–2020. The authors developed a grouping of cities according to the number of specialised sections of types of economic activity. Spatial differences are revealed between western and eastern cities in economic specialisation in terms of production and service sectors.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48108880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-55-68
Alena V. Kaziak, Y. Davidovich, Mikita A. Shastakou
The results of using geoinformation and statistical analysis methods to study spectral reflectance characteristics of the nine most typical agricultural crops of Belarus are presented. Spectral brightness coefficients and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were extracted from Landsat-8 multispectral satellite images in the software package ENVI (version 5.2) and analysed based on the methods of zonal statistics in the software complex ArcGIS (version 10.2) and mathematical and statistical analysis in the program Statistica (version 10). The verification of satellite data with the corresponding field measurements was carried out on the basis of correlation analysis, namely, a reliable strong positivelinear relationship between the measured in the field by a specialised GreenSeeker instrument NDVI values and the calculated by Landsat-8 satellite data NDVI values was established. The character of the distribution of spectral brightness coefficients and average NDVI values depending on the type of agricultural crop was assessed using a dispersion analysis, which allowed revealing patterns hidden in the spectral data. In particular, after applying the procedure of multiple comparisons using post hoc tests, it was established which types of crops significantly differ from each other and for which dates these differences were observed. The obtained scientific results were systematised and presented in the form of correspondingtables. The data contained in the tables made it possible to improve the methodology of automated recognition of the crops considered in the study.
{"title":"Results of using geoinformation and statistical analysis methods to study spectral reflectance characteristics of agricultural crops of Belarus","authors":"Alena V. Kaziak, Y. Davidovich, Mikita A. Shastakou","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-55-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-55-68","url":null,"abstract":"The results of using geoinformation and statistical analysis methods to study spectral reflectance characteristics of the nine most typical agricultural crops of Belarus are presented. Spectral brightness coefficients and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were extracted from Landsat-8 multispectral satellite images in the software package ENVI (version 5.2) and analysed based on the methods of zonal statistics in the software complex ArcGIS (version 10.2) and mathematical and statistical analysis in the program Statistica (version 10). The verification of satellite data with the corresponding field measurements was carried out on the basis of correlation analysis, namely, a reliable strong positivelinear relationship between the measured in the field by a specialised GreenSeeker instrument NDVI values and the calculated by Landsat-8 satellite data NDVI values was established. The character of the distribution of spectral brightness coefficients and average NDVI values depending on the type of agricultural crop was assessed using a dispersion analysis, which allowed revealing patterns hidden in the spectral data. In particular, after applying the procedure of multiple comparisons using post hoc tests, it was established which types of crops significantly differ from each other and for which dates these differences were observed. The obtained scientific results were systematised and presented in the form of correspondingtables. The data contained in the tables made it possible to improve the methodology of automated recognition of the crops considered in the study.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47141568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-30-42
E. Antipova, Li Chen
The economic and geographical analysis of spatial and temporal trends in the distribution of the population aged from 0 to 14 years by provinces was carried out at the article based on China’s official demographic statistics for 2000–2020. Using the methods of statistical and correlation analysis, linear and geographically weighted regression, spatial analysis of demographic data, comparative geographic method, typographer’s method, geographic systematisation and cartographic method, the authors obtained a number of new scientific results. In the course of the analysis of the population of China at the age from 0 to 14 years, a reduction trend and territorial differentiation were established, which made it possible to distinguish three zones on the territory of the country – eastern with high population, western and central-eastern with medium abundance and meridional central with low abundance, with a predominance of the second andthird zones in the structure. On the example of selected socio-economic indicators, it was determined that the size of the GDP and the number of medical institutions affect the size of population aged from 0 to 14 years, while the annual income per capita has a weak effect. Calculation and visualisation of geographically weighted regression at the provincial level confirmed these results. An analysis of the proportion of the population aged from 0 to 14 years indicates a significant reduction (up to 17.8 %), and the heterogeneity of space with the allocation of the western zone with the highest values and the northeastern zone with the lowest values. According to the nature of the dynamics of the size of population aged from 0 to 14 years, the provinces of China are divided into two types – provinces with population growth and provinces with population decrease, with a prevalence of the provinces of second type (70.6 %). The use of the center-periphery approach in the final geographical systematisation makes it possible to single out three types of provinces in China – central, buffer and peripheral. The revealed territorial heterogeneity and a significant share in the structure of provinces of the peripheral type (32.4 %) serve as a scientific justification for the need to use a geospatial approach in developing the directions of state demographic policy to ensure China’s sustainable economic growth.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal features and factors of the distribution of the population aged from 0 to 14 years in China","authors":"E. Antipova, Li Chen","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-30-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-30-42","url":null,"abstract":"The economic and geographical analysis of spatial and temporal trends in the distribution of the population aged from 0 to 14 years by provinces was carried out at the article based on China’s official demographic statistics for 2000–2020. Using the methods of statistical and correlation analysis, linear and geographically weighted regression, spatial analysis of demographic data, comparative geographic method, typographer’s method, geographic systematisation and cartographic method, the authors obtained a number of new scientific results. In the course of the analysis of the population of China at the age from 0 to 14 years, a reduction trend and territorial differentiation were established, which made it possible to distinguish three zones on the territory of the country – eastern with high population, western and central-eastern with medium abundance and meridional central with low abundance, with a predominance of the second andthird zones in the structure. On the example of selected socio-economic indicators, it was determined that the size of the GDP and the number of medical institutions affect the size of population aged from 0 to 14 years, while the annual income per capita has a weak effect. Calculation and visualisation of geographically weighted regression at the provincial level confirmed these results. An analysis of the proportion of the population aged from 0 to 14 years indicates a significant reduction (up to 17.8 %), and the heterogeneity of space with the allocation of the western zone with the highest values and the northeastern zone with the lowest values. According to the nature of the dynamics of the size of population aged from 0 to 14 years, the provinces of China are divided into two types – provinces with population growth and provinces with population decrease, with a prevalence of the provinces of second type (70.6 %). The use of the center-periphery approach in the final geographical systematisation makes it possible to single out three types of provinces in China – central, buffer and peripheral. The revealed territorial heterogeneity and a significant share in the structure of provinces of the peripheral type (32.4 %) serve as a scientific justification for the need to use a geospatial approach in developing the directions of state demographic policy to ensure China’s sustainable economic growth.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45902478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-88-98
N. S. Shevtsova, Anna K. Vishnyak
The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics and geography of the state of pharmaceutical trade in the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2010 to 2020, which was conducted on the basis of a number of indicators (total sales, distribution in the pharmacy and hospital sectors, sales of domestic and imported products at the level of 6 regions and Minsk) using a systematic, territorial and temporary approaches. The positive dynamics of pharmaceutical trade volumes was revealed both in the country as a whole and in the context of the regions and Minsk. The leadership of the capital in total sales of pharmaceuticals in value terms for the period under review was noted, which is due to the high number of the population living in it. The predominance of imported products in the total volume of sales both at the country and at the administrative-territorial level has been established. An increase in the share of domestic drugs in total sales was recorded, which is due to the development of the Belarusian pharmaceutical industry and its comprehensive support from the state. The pharmacy segment acts as the dominant sales market, both at the country level and at the level of the regions and the city of Minsk during the entire study period. In the placement of pharmaceutical enterprises, there is a tendency of their spatial deconcentration associated with their placement not only in the capital, but also in other areas, which indicates the emerging geographical shifts of this industry within the country.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical sales in the Republic of Belarus: dynamics and geography","authors":"N. S. Shevtsova, Anna K. Vishnyak","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-88-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-88-98","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics and geography of the state of pharmaceutical trade in the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2010 to 2020, which was conducted on the basis of a number of indicators (total sales, distribution in the pharmacy and hospital sectors, sales of domestic and imported products at the level of 6 regions and Minsk) using a systematic, territorial and temporary approaches. The positive dynamics of pharmaceutical trade volumes was revealed both in the country as a whole and in the context of the regions and Minsk. The leadership of the capital in total sales of pharmaceuticals in value terms for the period under review was noted, which is due to the high number of the population living in it. The predominance of imported products in the total volume of sales both at the country and at the administrative-territorial level has been established. An increase in the share of domestic drugs in total sales was recorded, which is due to the development of the Belarusian pharmaceutical industry and its comprehensive support from the state. The pharmacy segment acts as the dominant sales market, both at the country level and at the level of the regions and the city of Minsk during the entire study period. In the placement of pharmaceutical enterprises, there is a tendency of their spatial deconcentration associated with their placement not only in the capital, but also in other areas, which indicates the emerging geographical shifts of this industry within the country.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44113062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-19DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-99-116
Yulia A. Hledko, Maria V. Medvedko
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the population and economy of the Belarus. The indicators determine the intensity of the impact of hydrometeorological factors and take into account the level of socio-economic development of the region. The authors analysed dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena in the period 2008–2020 according to the state network of hydrometeorological observations of Belarus. Statistical method and mapping method were used. The authors assessed the intensity of the impact of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the basis of a quantitative analysis of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the socio-economic system of Belarus. Official data on population, area of administrative districts and GRP of regions are the initial data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. The paper proposes an adapted methodology for a multi-scale study of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the economy and population in the context of the local level, mesolevel (region) and macrolevel (country) using geoinformation technologies and information electronic database. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the administrative regions of Belarus have unequal vulnerability to dangerous weather manifestations, therefore, the most vulnerable regions of Belarus were identified, for which hydrometeorological services are of particular importance. From the point of view of the intensity of the impact of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomen on the socio-economic system, the most unfavorable is Minsk Region. The results showed that the higher the population density and the greater the frequency of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena, the higher the intensity of the possible impact on the population. Accordingly, the higher the GRP, the more significant economic losses can be expected in a particular region of Belarus. Therefore, it is in areas with high GRP that the necessary protective measures should be taken in the first place in order to reduce the consequences of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena.
{"title":"Assessment of the intensity of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the socio-economic system of Belarus","authors":"Yulia A. Hledko, Maria V. Medvedko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-99-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-99-116","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the population and economy of the Belarus. The indicators determine the intensity of the impact of hydrometeorological factors and take into account the level of socio-economic development of the region. The authors analysed dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena in the period 2008–2020 according to the state network of hydrometeorological observations of Belarus. Statistical method and mapping method were used. The authors assessed the intensity of the impact of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the basis of a quantitative analysis of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the socio-economic system of Belarus. Official data on population, area of administrative districts and GRP of regions are the initial data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. The paper proposes an adapted methodology for a multi-scale study of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena on the economy and population in the context of the local level, mesolevel (region) and macrolevel (country) using geoinformation technologies and information electronic database. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the administrative regions of Belarus have unequal vulnerability to dangerous weather manifestations, therefore, the most vulnerable regions of Belarus were identified, for which hydrometeorological services are of particular importance. From the point of view of the intensity of the impact of the hazardous hydrometeorological phenomen on the socio-economic system, the most unfavorable is Minsk Region. The results showed that the higher the population density and the greater the frequency of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena, the higher the intensity of the possible impact on the population. Accordingly, the higher the GRP, the more significant economic losses can be expected in a particular region of Belarus. Therefore, it is in areas with high GRP that the necessary protective measures should be taken in the first place in order to reduce the consequences of the impact of hazardous hydrometeorological phenomena.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-3-15
Y. Yelovicheva
Studying for 80 years in Belarus the most promising palynological method (high productivity of pollen and spores of plants, their distribution and good preservation in various sediments, high information content of fossil palynomorphs) of the Glaciopleistocene and Holocene strata, made it possible to recreate the development of the natural environment of the last 800 thsd years in a more complicated version according to the chronological record in the continental sediments of paleoreservoirs. The complexity of the research has made an important contribution to the local and long-range correlation of the obtained materials from oceanic or marine bottom formations on the basis of the developed MIS-1 – MIS-19 scale on a geochronological basis. Data from 1300 sections of the region were used in order to provide a promising solution to modern scientific theoretical problems (substantiation of the chronology of natural events, development of a complicated stratigraphic scheme (8 glacials and 9 interglacials), expansion of the paleogeographic aspect by a significantly larger number of natural environment components (landscape type, type and group of forest flora, general composition of palynoflora and exotics, composition and ratio of geographical elements of flora, area of modern concentration of fossil flora species, migration of forest-forming species, macrosuccession of paleophytocenoses, incompleteness of the Holocene interglacial, rhythmicity of macrosuccessions, duration of interglacials, natural zones and their dynamics, migratory nature of forest floras, groups of palynological diagrams, zoning of the territory according to spectra, climate, sedimentation, change of water level, evolution of paleoreservoirs, anthropogenic factor, water flow dynamics, natural phenomena and forecast of future habitat change)) and applied (growth of palynological support of the region for the needs of largescale geological survey with mapping of sections and deposits of minerals and building materials, areas of rocks and ancient exotics, participation in scientific projects and great publication of results, use of computer technologies, creation of palynological database, enrichment of the younger generation with these latest knowledge and their implementation in the educational process (the creation of new maps and photo illustrations on morphology, stratigraphy, paleogeography, paleoecology, updating lecture aids and workshops, educational and methodological complexes, multimedia presentations)) of the palynology of Belarus.
{"title":"Palynology of Belarus: a method and scientific direction in the study of Glaciopleistocene and Holocene deposits","authors":"Y. Yelovicheva","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-3-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-3-15","url":null,"abstract":"Studying for 80 years in Belarus the most promising palynological method (high productivity of pollen and spores of plants, their distribution and good preservation in various sediments, high information content of fossil palynomorphs) of the Glaciopleistocene and Holocene strata, made it possible to recreate the development of the natural environment of the last 800 thsd years in a more complicated version according to the chronological record in the continental sediments of paleoreservoirs. The complexity of the research has made an important contribution to the local and long-range correlation of the obtained materials from oceanic or marine bottom formations on the basis of the developed MIS-1 – MIS-19 scale on a geochronological basis. Data from 1300 sections of the region were used in order to provide a promising solution to modern scientific theoretical problems (substantiation of the chronology of natural events, development of a complicated stratigraphic scheme (8 glacials and 9 interglacials), expansion of the paleogeographic aspect by a significantly larger number of natural environment components (landscape type, type and group of forest flora, general composition of palynoflora and exotics, composition and ratio of geographical elements of flora, area of modern concentration of fossil flora species, migration of forest-forming species, macrosuccession of paleophytocenoses, incompleteness of the Holocene interglacial, rhythmicity of macrosuccessions, duration of interglacials, natural zones and their dynamics, migratory nature of forest floras, groups of palynological diagrams, zoning of the territory according to spectra, climate, sedimentation, change of water level, evolution of paleoreservoirs, anthropogenic factor, water flow dynamics, natural phenomena and forecast of future habitat change)) and applied (growth of palynological support of the region for the needs of largescale geological survey with mapping of sections and deposits of minerals and building materials, areas of rocks and ancient exotics, participation in scientific projects and great publication of results, use of computer technologies, creation of palynological database, enrichment of the younger generation with these latest knowledge and their implementation in the educational process (the creation of new maps and photo illustrations on morphology, stratigraphy, paleogeography, paleoecology, updating lecture aids and workshops, educational and methodological complexes, multimedia presentations)) of the palynology of Belarus.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-15DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-16-29
L. Kitaev, I. Danilovich, E. M. Akent’eva, Grigory A. Tyusov, I. V. Buyakov
The features of the regional heterogeneity of the modern meteorological regime are assessed, as a refinement of existing estimates of large-scale climate changes – for the eastern part of the Baltic Sea catchment on the example of the Leningrad Region and nearby territories of neighbouring subjects of the Russian Federation (northern part of the region), as well as the Zapadnaya Dvina catchment within the Republic of Belarus (southern part of the region). Significant differences in surface air temperature and snow water equivalent (hereinafter referred to as snow storage) were revealed for the winter period, with similar precipitation, more intense interannual and long-term changes in the southern part of the region. The common feature for the region is the presence of a significant correlation of the long-term January – March atmospheric circulation indices variability only with the variability of surface air temperature, as well as minor differences in the number of anomalous years with similar anomaly amplitudes. Surface air temperature has the greatest contribution to the long-term variability of snow storage everywhere, which is most pronounced in the south of the region. The turning points in the long-term variability of surface air temperature coincide in the north and south of the region, the turning points in the course of total precipitation do not coincide. The number of anomalies (exceeding the standard deviation) in the long-term series of characteristics in the northern and southern parts of the region differ little (9–12 cases in the positive and negative ranges of values) in the absence of coincidences and the similarity of the amplitude of the anomalies. The range of values of extreme threshold values (extreme percentiles) of surface air temperature in the north of the region is lower than the range of values in the south, the variability of small percentiles exceeds the variability of large ones; the rate of long-term increase in average temperatures is accompanied by a significant increase in small percentiles in the north and large percentiles in the south of the region. The values of extreme threshold values of precipitation and their standard deviation vary little across the territory; positive trends in maximums and negative trends in minimum thresholds are small, consistent with a slight increase in mean total precipitation. According to the spatial distribution of average values of snow storage, the values of their extremely small and large threshold values in the north of the region are higher than in the south; in the north of the region, the values of percentiles in the interval 1985–2002 stand out as the lowest.
{"title":"Regional variability of the mean and extreme characteristics of the present meteorological regime of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea catchment","authors":"L. Kitaev, I. Danilovich, E. M. Akent’eva, Grigory A. Tyusov, I. V. Buyakov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-16-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-16-29","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the regional heterogeneity of the modern meteorological regime are assessed, as a refinement of existing estimates of large-scale climate changes – for the eastern part of the Baltic Sea catchment on the example of the Leningrad Region and nearby territories of neighbouring subjects of the Russian Federation (northern part of the region), as well as the Zapadnaya Dvina catchment within the Republic of Belarus (southern part of the region). Significant differences in surface air temperature and snow water equivalent (hereinafter referred to as snow storage) were revealed for the winter period, with similar precipitation, more intense interannual and long-term changes in the southern part of the region. The common feature for the region is the presence of a significant correlation of the long-term January – March atmospheric circulation indices variability only with the variability of surface air temperature, as well as minor differences in the number of anomalous years with similar anomaly amplitudes. Surface air temperature has the greatest contribution to the long-term variability of snow storage everywhere, which is most pronounced in the south of the region. The turning points in the long-term variability of surface air temperature coincide in the north and south of the region, the turning points in the course of total precipitation do not coincide. The number of anomalies (exceeding the standard deviation) in the long-term series of characteristics in the northern and southern parts of the region differ little (9–12 cases in the positive and negative ranges of values) in the absence of coincidences and the similarity of the amplitude of the anomalies. The range of values of extreme threshold values (extreme percentiles) of surface air temperature in the north of the region is lower than the range of values in the south, the variability of small percentiles exceeds the variability of large ones; the rate of long-term increase in average temperatures is accompanied by a significant increase in small percentiles in the north and large percentiles in the south of the region. The values of extreme threshold values of precipitation and their standard deviation vary little across the territory; positive trends in maximums and negative trends in minimum thresholds are small, consistent with a slight increase in mean total precipitation. According to the spatial distribution of average values of snow storage, the values of their extremely small and large threshold values in the north of the region are higher than in the south; in the north of the region, the values of percentiles in the interval 1985–2002 stand out as the lowest.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45221385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-117-143
Michail E. Komarovskiy
Geological mapping revealed the oldest Yaselda (Don (on the territory of Russia), Sanian 1 (on the territory of Poland)) generation of valleys in the Quaternary strata. Valleys are widespread in marginal and inner zones of the Yaselda glaciation area. They are located in the pre-Yaselda lowlands, in the areas of deformable deposits that lie above the more hard rocks protrusion and in fault systems. The distribution of glacial valleys is depends on the radial-sectoral structure and dynamics of the Yaselda glacier, which predetermined both the common and regional features of the valley regularity and morphology. The common features are the location in lobed sectors, occurrence in heterochronous ice marginal complexes, the predominance of polygenetic valleys. The regional features include isolated position, submeridional and meridional orientation, smaller size and weak expression of valleys in the maximum phase relief, the predominance ofvalleys of glacial exaration and extrusion and tunnel valleys. Valleys of the younger (Novogrudok) phase are located in the marginal complexes of the Middle Neman, Naliboky and Middle Berezina ice lobes and tongues. Valleys are characterised by connection with the belt of marginal highlands, sublatitudinal large-festoon ordering on the area of the lobes and a fan structure in the tongues, large size and maximum depths, clear expression in relief. Here, mainly polygenetic basins and trough valleys, extrusion valleys and subglacial tunnel valleys have been established. Basins arose simultaneously with the advance of outlet glaciers and are the result of exaration and glaciotectonic overthrusts of substrate rocks in the territory of the Belarusian anteclise and lowlands enveloping from the north. Their formation became possible at the regressive stage, when the readvances of the ice lobes led to the extrusion of a large amount of bed material and its accumulation in the basin borders. Trough valleys arose due to the wedging of outlet glaciers into paleovalleys or selective linear erosion along zones of structural weakening. In areas of rock bed, they were formed by plucking and abrasion, and in areas of soft substrate – by plucking, removal of thrust blocks. Numerous extrusion valleys appeared due to the extrusion in the Meso-Cenozoic deposits from under the glacial tongues into the marginal zones during the glacial retreat phase. Tunnel valleys originated as a result of canal erosion of sediments during rapid outbursts of water from subglacial lakes established for the glacier reduction phase. Most of the large valleys are of polygenetic origin.
{"title":"Morphology and genesis of the Yaselda glacial valleys in Belarus","authors":"Michail E. Komarovskiy","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-117-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-2-117-143","url":null,"abstract":"Geological mapping revealed the oldest Yaselda (Don (on the territory of Russia), Sanian 1 (on the territory of Poland)) generation of valleys in the Quaternary strata. Valleys are widespread in marginal and inner zones of the Yaselda glaciation area. They are located in the pre-Yaselda lowlands, in the areas of deformable deposits that lie above the more hard rocks protrusion and in fault systems. The distribution of glacial valleys is depends on the radial-sectoral structure and dynamics of the Yaselda glacier, which predetermined both the common and regional features of the valley regularity and morphology. The common features are the location in lobed sectors, occurrence in heterochronous ice marginal complexes, the predominance of polygenetic valleys. The regional features include isolated position, submeridional and meridional orientation, smaller size and weak expression of valleys in the maximum phase relief, the predominance ofvalleys of glacial exaration and extrusion and tunnel valleys. Valleys of the younger (Novogrudok) phase are located in the marginal complexes of the Middle Neman, Naliboky and Middle Berezina ice lobes and tongues. Valleys are characterised by connection with the belt of marginal highlands, sublatitudinal large-festoon ordering on the area of the lobes and a fan structure in the tongues, large size and maximum depths, clear expression in relief. Here, mainly polygenetic basins and trough valleys, extrusion valleys and subglacial tunnel valleys have been established. Basins arose simultaneously with the advance of outlet glaciers and are the result of exaration and glaciotectonic overthrusts of substrate rocks in the territory of the Belarusian anteclise and lowlands enveloping from the north. Their formation became possible at the regressive stage, when the readvances of the ice lobes led to the extrusion of a large amount of bed material and its accumulation in the basin borders. Trough valleys arose due to the wedging of outlet glaciers into paleovalleys or selective linear erosion along zones of structural weakening. In areas of rock bed, they were formed by plucking and abrasion, and in areas of soft substrate – by plucking, removal of thrust blocks. Numerous extrusion valleys appeared due to the extrusion in the Meso-Cenozoic deposits from under the glacial tongues into the marginal zones during the glacial retreat phase. Tunnel valleys originated as a result of canal erosion of sediments during rapid outbursts of water from subglacial lakes established for the glacier reduction phase. Most of the large valleys are of polygenetic origin.","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41354710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-15-27
N. Klebanovich, A. L. Kindeev
The article discusses territorial and structural changes in the productivity of grain and leguminous crops in the districts of the Republic of Belarus, as well as differences in the doses of mineral fertilisers for certain types from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of influence of fertilisers on the dynamics of productivity for the studied period and to analyse the reasons for changes in the level of yields of grain and leguminous crops in the regions of the country. The work is based on statistical research methods – correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between mineral fertilisers and productivity were carried out. Correlation analysis showed a significant inverse linear dependence of the yield dynamics on the fertility score (correlation coefficient – 0.66), proving that more fertile soils lose in harvests of grain and leguminous crops are almost 2 times in comparison with less suitable land. Regression analysis confirmed the significant effect of mineral fertilisers (determination coefficient 56 %) on the final harvests of grain and leguminous crops. The novelty of the research lies in the mathematical formalisation of the stochastic dependence of the yield of grain and leguminous crops on the level of application of certain types of mineral fertilisers and the establishment of its linear character. With the help of GIS technologies, territorial differences in the effectiveness of the use of fertilisers for grain and leguminous crops in the administrative regions of the Republic of Belarus were established and three clusters of productivity in the country were identified – highly productive south-west (Grodno Region, Brest Region and adjacent districts of Minsk Region), productive south-east (Gomel Region and Mogilev Region with border areas of neighbouring regions) and low-productive north (Vitebsk Region with northern regions of Minsk Region and Grodno Region).
{"title":"Connectivity of change in yield of grain and leguminous crops and level of application of fertilisers by district of the Republic of Belarus","authors":"N. Klebanovich, A. L. Kindeev","doi":"10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-15-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2022-1-15-27","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses territorial and structural changes in the productivity of grain and leguminous crops in the districts of the Republic of Belarus, as well as differences in the doses of mineral fertilisers for certain types from 2014 to 2018. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of influence of fertilisers on the dynamics of productivity for the studied period and to analyse the reasons for changes in the level of yields of grain and leguminous crops in the regions of the country. The work is based on statistical research methods – correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between mineral fertilisers and productivity were carried out. Correlation analysis showed a significant inverse linear dependence of the yield dynamics on the fertility score (correlation coefficient – 0.66), proving that more fertile soils lose in harvests of grain and leguminous crops are almost 2 times in comparison with less suitable land. Regression analysis confirmed the significant effect of mineral fertilisers (determination coefficient 56 %) on the final harvests of grain and leguminous crops. The novelty of the research lies in the mathematical formalisation of the stochastic dependence of the yield of grain and leguminous crops on the level of application of certain types of mineral fertilisers and the establishment of its linear character. With the help of GIS technologies, territorial differences in the effectiveness of the use of fertilisers for grain and leguminous crops in the administrative regions of the Republic of Belarus were established and three clusters of productivity in the country were identified – highly productive south-west (Grodno Region, Brest Region and adjacent districts of Minsk Region), productive south-east (Gomel Region and Mogilev Region with border areas of neighbouring regions) and low-productive north (Vitebsk Region with northern regions of Minsk Region and Grodno Region).","PeriodicalId":52778,"journal":{"name":"Zhurnal Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Geografiia geologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45187277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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