The benefits of country-specific non-tariff measures in world wine trade

Q1 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Wine Economics and Policy Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.wep.2018.12.001

Fabio Gaetano Santeramo, Emilia Lamonaca, Gianluca Nardone, Antonio Seccia

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引用次数: 24

Abstract

During the last decades, significant changes in trade regulations are modifying the global trade of wine. The number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) implemented in the wine sector is relevant: a large number of country-specific NTMs, set in the occasion of trade agreements, have been adopted. The impact of these policy instruments on trade is not always clear, nor quantified at global scale. We investigate the effects that country-specific NTMs are showing on global imports of wine. In particular, we estimate a gravity model to explain how and to what extent country-specific NTMs influence wine trade, and we disentangle these effects for different segments of the international market of wine.

Our results suggest that country-specific NTMs tend to favour imports of wine. Differences emerge across market segments and types of regulations. In particular, the Technical Barriers to Trade favour (friction) bottled (bulk) wine; pre-shipment inspections enhance imports of bottled wine; the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards and the export-related measures are the most trade-enhancing NTMs, regardless of the market segment.

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世界葡萄酒贸易中针对特定国家的非关税措施的好处

在过去的几十年里，贸易法规的重大变化正在改变全球葡萄酒贸易。在葡萄酒行业实施的非关税措施(ntm)的数量是相关的:在贸易协定的背景下，已经采用了大量针对特定国家的非关税措施。这些政策工具对贸易的影响并不总是明确的，也不能在全球范围内量化。我们调查了特定国家的ntm对全球葡萄酒进口的影响。特别地，我们估计了一个重力模型来解释特定国家的ntm如何以及在多大程度上影响葡萄酒贸易，并对国际葡萄酒市场的不同部分进行了分析。我们的研究结果表明，特定国家的ntm倾向于支持进口葡萄酒。不同市场和不同类型的法规之间存在差异。特别是，技术性贸易壁垒有利于(摩擦)瓶装(散装)葡萄酒;装运前检查加强进口瓶装葡萄酒;卫生与植物检疫标准和与出口有关的措施是最能促进贸易的非关税措施，无论其细分市场如何。

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