Elemental ratios as tracers of the sources of mineral dust in north-eastern Sahara

IF 3 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI:10.1007/s13762-023-05077-3
M. Boraiy, M. El-Metwally, A. Borbon, S. Chevaillier, B. Laurent, S. Lafon, F. F. El Sanabary, M. Masmoudi, S. C. Alfaro
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Abstract

The objective of this study is to confirm the possibility of tracing sources of airborne mineral dust using elemental ratios. The region of study is the north-eastern part of the Sahara where dust compositional data were lacking; 272 mineral dust samples collected at 3 experimental stations of Egypt were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Based on the mineral dust concentration, 65% of the samples correspond to moderate (3–10 μg m−3), 22% to medium (10–25 μg m−3), and 13% to intense (> 25 μg m−3) dust events. The Ca/Al and (Mg + Ca)/Fe ratios were found to be strongly correlated and their ranges of variation to cover are more than one order of magnitude, which confirms their interest for the tracing of the dust sources. Using a combination of MODIS satellite observations, HYSPLIT back-trajectory analysis, and simulations with dust emission models, the large (> 6) and intermediate (2–6) Ca/Al ratios were shown to correspond to dust originating from saline playas (chotts) and calcareous surfaces, respectively. Conversely, the lowest (< 2) ratios correspond to dust emitted by siliceous sand seas (ergs). Therefore, a classification of the dust in 3 categories (erg-like, calcareous, and chott-like) based on Ca/Al is proposed. The events of moderate to medium intensity are dominated by chott-like and calcareous dust, which suggests that these sources are activated during erosion events of limited (local) extension. Conversely, the fact that the dust composition is more likely to be of the erg-like type during intense events underlines the dominant role played by sand dune fields during major erosion events.

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元素比作为撒哈拉东北部矿物粉尘来源的示踪剂
这项研究的目的是确认利用元素比率追踪空气中矿物尘埃来源的可能性。研究区域位于撒哈拉沙漠东北部,该地区缺乏尘埃成分数据;研究人员利用 X 射线荧光分析了在埃及 3 个实验站收集的 272 个矿物尘埃样本。根据矿尘浓度,65% 的样本属于中度(3-10 μg m-3),22% 属于中度(10-25 μg m-3),13% 属于高度(25 μg m-3)。研究发现,钙/铝比率和(镁+钙)/铁比率具有很强的相关性,它们的变化范围与覆盖范围相差一个数量级以上,这证实了它们在追踪尘源方面的重要性。利用 MODIS 卫星观测数据、HYSPLIT 回溯轨迹分析和尘埃排放模型模拟相结合的方法,大(6)和中(2-6)钙铝比值分别对应于来自盐碱地(chotts)和钙质地表的尘埃。相反,最低(< 2)比率则与硅质沙海(ergs)散发的尘埃相对应。因此,建议根据 Ca/Al 将尘埃分为 3 类(糜棱岩类、钙质岩类和石灰岩类)。中等至中等强度的事件主要由类砂尘和钙质砂尘组成,这表明这些尘源是在有限(局部)扩展的侵蚀事件中被激活的。相反,在强烈的侵蚀事件中,尘埃成分更可能是类侵蚀类型,这一事实强调了沙丘场在重大侵蚀事件中的主导作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.60
自引率
6.50%
发文量
806
审稿时长
10.8 months
期刊介绍: International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (IJEST) is an international scholarly refereed research journal which aims to promote the theory and practice of environmental science and technology, innovation, engineering and management. A broad outline of the journal''s scope includes: peer reviewed original research articles, case and technical reports, reviews and analyses papers, short communications and notes to the editor, in interdisciplinary information on the practice and status of research in environmental science and technology, both natural and man made. The main aspects of research areas include, but are not exclusive to; environmental chemistry and biology, environments pollution control and abatement technology, transport and fate of pollutants in the environment, concentrations and dispersion of wastes in air, water, and soil, point and non-point sources pollution, heavy metals and organic compounds in the environment, atmospheric pollutants and trace gases, solid and hazardous waste management; soil biodegradation and bioremediation of contaminated sites; environmental impact assessment, industrial ecology, ecological and human risk assessment; improved energy management and auditing efficiency and environmental standards and criteria.
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