{"title":"An Improved Cost Analysis of the Apollo Program","authors":"Casey Dreier","doi":"10.1016/j.spacepol.2022.101476","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This manuscript presents a high-fidelity reconstruction of the cost of Project Apollo, including year-by-year funding for all major programs and average costs for each crewed lunar landing attempt. According to these data, the United States spent $25.8 billion on hardware, facilities, and overhead directly associated with Project Apollo between fiscal years 1960 and 1973. This represents a substantial improvement over previous cost reporting. Annual cost data enable improved adjustments for inflation, which can account for varying inflation rates throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. This enables comparisons to modern efforts to return humans to the Moon, which display a lower and slower cost profile reflecting their lower political priority.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45924,"journal":{"name":"Space Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964622000029/pdfft?md5=1820fdc1f1008859d751a01033674fa8&pid=1-s2.0-S0265964622000029-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Space Policy","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265964622000029","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
This manuscript presents a high-fidelity reconstruction of the cost of Project Apollo, including year-by-year funding for all major programs and average costs for each crewed lunar landing attempt. According to these data, the United States spent $25.8 billion on hardware, facilities, and overhead directly associated with Project Apollo between fiscal years 1960 and 1973. This represents a substantial improvement over previous cost reporting. Annual cost data enable improved adjustments for inflation, which can account for varying inflation rates throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. This enables comparisons to modern efforts to return humans to the Moon, which display a lower and slower cost profile reflecting their lower political priority.
期刊介绍：
Space Policy is an international, interdisciplinary journal which draws on the fields of international relations, economics, history, aerospace studies, security studies, development studies, political science and ethics to provide discussion and analysis of space activities in their political, economic, industrial, legal, cultural and social contexts. Alongside full-length papers, which are subject to a double-blind peer review system, the journal publishes opinion pieces, case studies and short reports and, in so doing, it aims to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and opinions and a means by which authors can alert policy makers and international organizations to their views. Space Policy is also a journal of record, reproducing, in whole or part, official documents such as treaties, space agency plans or government reports relevant to the space community. Views expressed in the journal are not necessarily those of the editors or members of the editorial board.
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