Acute Toxicity Alterations in Oxidative Stress Enzymes and Biochemical Parameters in Oreochromis mossambicus, Induced by Cartap Hydrochloride and the Modulatory Effects of Ocimum sanctum Supplementation

Abstract

The present study was assessed to determine the acute toxicity and the changes in oxidative stress enzymes and some other biochemical parameters at the sublethal level of a thiocarbamate pesticide cartap hydrochloride on freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. The study reveals that the 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value of cartap hydrochloride is 20.7 µg/l. Besides, the exposed fish also exhibited erratic behavioral responses at the acute level. The effects of cartap hydrochloride at the sublethal concentration (30% of 96h LC50 value) after 15d and 30d exposure induces alterations in biochemical parameters of freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Moreover, the modulatory effects of Ocimum sanctum powder (20 gm/kg feed) on the toxicity of cartap hydrochloride were investigated. The investigation demonstrated that sublethal concentrations of cartap hydrochloride increased the levels of liver catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Additionally, the exposed fish treated with dietary Ocimum sanctum abridged the toxic effects of the pesticide. Moreover by using integrated biomarker response (IBR) and biomarker response index (BRI) the change in the health status of pesticide exposed fish upon addition of Ocimum sanctum supplemented diet over control diet was determined. These results indicate that cartap hydrochloride alters the survivability and behavioral responses of Oreochromis mossambicus at the acute level and changes the biochemical parameters at the sublethal level which was modulated by the additament of Ocimum sanctum.