Physical Violence and Social Tension in the Atacama Desert: Osteobiography of a Woman from the Tarapacá 40 Formative Period Cemetery

IF 1.1 3区 地球科学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Latin American Antiquity Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI:10.1017/laq.2022.92
M. Herrera-Soto, Andrea González-Ramírez, Pablo Díaz, Aryel Pacheco, R. Retamal, Arturo Sáez, Francisca Santana-Sagredo, M. Uribe
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Abstract

Physical violence and social conflict have been widely studied in the ancient societies of the Andes. However, studies about violence are scarce for the Formative period of northern Chile (1000 BC–AD 900). Evidence from these investigations is generally interpreted as interpersonal violence, whose protagonists are mostly men. Here, we present the case of an adult female recovered from the Tarapacá 40 cemetery (Tarapacá region, Chile) displaying lesions suggestive of trauma. We reconstruct her life and death in the context of this era's social and political conditions. Results of our bioanthropological characterization, cranial trauma analysis, carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis, and recording of the funerary offerings suggest she was a local member of the Formative community buried in the Tarapacá 40 cemetery and that she suffered intentional lethal lesions. Her death is unusual because there are no previous bioarchaeological records of lethal violence against women in the Tarapacá region. The osteobiography of this woman reflects a context characterized by an increase in inequality and social complexity, whereby physical violence could be used as a mechanism of internal regulation and exercise of power during the Formative period.
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阿塔卡马沙漠中的身体暴力和社会紧张:塔拉帕卡40形成时期墓地一名女性的骨传记
身体暴力和社会冲突在安第斯山脉的古代社会中得到了广泛的研究。然而,关于智利北部形成时期(公元前1000年至公元900年)暴力的研究很少。来自这些调查的证据通常被解释为人际暴力,其主角大多是男性。在这里,我们提出了一个从tarapac 40墓地(智利tarapac地区)发现的成年女性的病例,显示出创伤的病变。我们在这个时代的社会和政治环境中重构她的生与死。我们的生物人类学鉴定、颅脑外伤分析、碳和氮同位素分析,以及葬礼供品的记录表明,她是葬在塔拉帕ac 40墓地的形成社区的当地成员,她遭受了故意的致命伤害。她的死亡是不寻常的,因为在塔拉帕ac地区之前没有生物考古记录关于对妇女的致命暴力。这个女人的骨传记反映了一个以不平等和社会复杂性增加为特征的背景,在形成时期,身体暴力可以被用作内部调节和行使权力的机制。
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