Beyond the Socially Desirable: Longitudinal Evidence on Individual Prayer-Wellbeing Associations

IF 1.7 2区 哲学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY International Journal for the Psychology of Religion Pub Date : 2020-05-27 DOI:10.1080/10508619.2020.1753330
Anne Buch Møller, H. F. Pedersen, E. Ørnbøl, J. Søndergaard Jensen, B. Purzycki, U. Schjoedt
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

ABSTRACT The often touted positive association between religion and wellbeing is mainly based on evidence from cross-sectional studies. This is problematic because such studies tend to draw conclusions at the individual level despite reporting associations at the group level. In addition to this fallacy, inferences at the group level are also likely to be inflated by the social desirability effect, which may further exacerbate misrepresentations of the individual level. To avoid these pitfalls, we examined prayer-wellbeing (P-WB) associations and social desirability effects at both levels, using single-level and multilevel regression analysis on a longitudinal dataset. Weekly reports of prayer and wellbeing from 282 frequently praying Danish Christians, totaling 4254 complete responses, were combined with a comprehensive background questionnaire featuring a social desirability measure targeting the religious domain. A typical weak positive P-WB association was observed at the group level, which disappeared when controlling for social desirability. At the individual level, the average association across individuals was positive after controlling for social desirability. This overall relationship, however, conceals considerable individual variance with almost a fourth of the estimated individual P-WB associations going in the negative direction, emphasizing the need to be cautious when extrapolating group-level data to the individual level. These findings suggest that cross-sectional studies may oversimplify the P-WB relationship, especially, if the social desirability effect is ignored.
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超越社会期望:个人祈祷-幸福关联的纵向证据
经常被吹捧的宗教与幸福之间的积极联系主要是基于横断面研究的证据。这是有问题的,因为这些研究倾向于在个人层面得出结论,尽管报告了群体层面的关联。除了这种谬论,群体层面的推论也可能被社会期望效应夸大,这可能进一步加剧个人层面的错误陈述。为了避免这些陷阱,我们使用纵向数据集的单水平和多水平回归分析,在两个层面上检查了祈祷-幸福(P-WB)的关联和社会期望效应。来自282名经常祈祷的丹麦基督徒的每周祈祷和健康报告,总共4254份完整的回复,与一份全面的背景问卷相结合,该问卷以宗教领域为目标,具有社会可取性。在群体水平上观察到典型的弱正P-WB关联,当控制社会期望时,这种关联消失。在个体层面上,在控制了社会期望之后,个体之间的平均联系是积极的。然而,这种总体关系掩盖了相当大的个体差异,几乎四分之一的估计个体P-WB关联呈负向,强调在将群体水平的数据外推到个人水平时需要谨慎。这些发现表明,横断面研究可能会过度简化P-WB关系,特别是在忽略社会可取性效应的情况下。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
4.50%
发文量
15
期刊介绍: The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion (IJPR) is devoted to psychological studies of religious processes and phenomena in all religious traditions. This journal provides a means for sustained discussion of psychologically relevant issues that can be examined empirically and concern religion in the most general sense. It presents articles covering a variety of important topics, such as the social psychology of religion, religious development, conversion, religious experience, religion and social attitudes and behavior, religion and mental health, and psychoanalytic and other theoretical interpretations of religion. The journal publishes research reports, brief research reports, commentaries on relevant topical issues, book reviews, and statements addressing articles published in previous issues. The journal may also include a major essay and commentaries, perspective papers of the theory, and articles on the psychology of religion in a specific country.
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