The Making of Modern US Citizenship and Alienage: The History of Asian Immigration, Racial Capital, and US Law

IF 0.8 3区 社会学 Q1 HISTORY Law and History Review Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI:10.1017/S0738248023000019
H. Dhillon
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Abstract

Abstract This article unravels an important historical conjuncture in the making of modern US citizenship and alienage by drawing on the state's regulation of naturalization as it relates to Asian immigration in the early twentieth century. My primary concern is to examine the socio-legal formations that constructed the thick distinctions between the modern US citizen and alien along the lines of racial difference and racial capital. Specifically, this article argues that Asian immigration to the United States remade the modern US citizen and alien in two significant and interconnected ways. First, it underscores how the adjudication of race in US courts and connected political campaigns re-mapped race in the United States and sharpened the racialization of Asia and Europe in profound ways that ultimately produced immigrants from southern, central, and eastern parts of Asia as the modern US alien. Second, the debate over Asian immigrants’ eligibility to naturalize refashioned legal status as a normative avenue to sustain a regime of racial capital. It cast citizenship as a legal avenue for White men and families to acquire and protect a proprietary interest in citizenship and recast some Asian immigrants as permanent aliens in a period when alienage came to signify disposable immigrant labor. The article concludes by distinguishing how the struggle for US citizenship by Asian immigrants frames the epistemological parameters and political vocabulary of immigration and naturalization reform.
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现代美国公民身份和异化的形成:亚洲移民、种族资本和美国法律的历史
摘要本文通过借鉴20世纪初美国对亚裔移民的入籍规定,揭示了现代美国公民身份和移民身份形成的一个重要历史转折点。我主要关心的是,根据种族差异和种族资本的不同,审视现代美国公民和外国人之间的社会法律结构。具体而言,本文认为,亚裔移民美国以两种重要且相互关联的方式重塑了现代美国公民和外国人。首先,它强调了美国法院对种族的裁决和相关的政治运动如何重新映射了美国的种族,并以深刻的方式加剧了亚洲和欧洲的种族化,最终使来自亚洲南部、中部和东部的移民成为现代美国移民。其次,关于亚洲移民入籍资格的辩论将法律地位重塑为维持种族资本制度的规范途径。它将公民身份视为白人男性和家庭获得和保护公民所有权的合法途径,并将一些亚洲移民重塑为永久外国人,因为在这个时期,移民身份意味着可支配的移民劳动力。文章最后区分了亚洲移民争取美国公民身份的斗争如何构成移民和归化改革的认识论参数和政治词汇。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
42
期刊介绍: Law and History Review (LHR), America"s leading legal history journal, encompasses American, European, and ancient legal history issues. The journal"s purpose is to further research in the fields of the social history of law and the history of legal ideas and institutions. LHR features articles, essays, commentaries by international authorities, and reviews of important books on legal history. American Society for Legal History
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