Development of Mucosal Immunity: Functional Interactions with Mucosal Microbiome in Health and Disease

Oscar G. Gómez-Duarte and Pearay L. Ogra
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The mucosal surfaces and the skin are the primary sites of interactions between the mammalian host and the external environment. These sites are exposed continuously to the diverse components of the environment, including subcellular, unicellular and multicellular organisms, dietary agents and food products; and numerous other soluble or cellular air or water borne products. The development of innate and adaptive immunity in the mucosal surfaces and the skin are the principal mechanism of mammalian defense evolved to date, in order to maintain effective homeostatic balance between the host and the external environment. The innate immune functions are mediated by a number of host specific Pathogen Recognition Receptors (PRR), designed to recognize unique Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP), essential to the molecular structure of the microorganism. The major components of specific adaptive immunity in the mucosal surfaces include the organized antigen-reactive lymphoid follicles in different inductive mucosal sites and the effector sites of the lamina propria and sub-epithelial regions, which contain lymphoid and plasma cells, derived by the homing of antigen sensitized cells from the inductive sites. The acquisition of environmental microbiome by the neonate in its mucosal surfaces and the skin, which begins before or immediately after birth, has been shown to play a critical and complex role in the development of mucosal immunity. This report provides an overview of the mammalian microbiome and highlights its role in the evolution and functional development of immunologic defenses in the mucosal surface under normal physiologic conditions and during infectious and non-infectious inflammatory pathologic states associated with altered microbiota.
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黏膜免疫的发展:与黏膜微生物组在健康和疾病中的功能相互作用
粘膜表面和皮肤是哺乳动物宿主与外部环境相互作用的主要部位。这些场所持续暴露在环境的各种成分中,包括亚细胞、单细胞和多细胞生物、膳食制剂和食品;以及许多其它可溶性或细胞性的空气或水降冰片产物。粘膜表面和皮肤中固有免疫和适应性免疫的发展是迄今为止进化的哺乳动物防御的主要机制,目的是维持宿主和外部环境之间的有效平衡。先天免疫功能由许多宿主特异性病原体识别受体(PRR)介导,这些受体旨在识别独特的病原体相关分子模式(PAMP),这对微生物的分子结构至关重要。粘膜表面特异性适应性免疫的主要组成部分包括不同诱导粘膜部位的有组织的抗原反应性淋巴滤泡,以及固有层和上皮下区域的效应位点,这些效应位点包含通过抗原致敏细胞从诱导位点归巢而衍生的淋巴细胞和浆细胞。新生儿在出生前或出生后立即在粘膜表面和皮肤中获取环境微生物组,已被证明在粘膜免疫的发展中发挥着关键和复杂的作用。本报告概述了哺乳动物微生物群落,并强调了其在正常生理条件下以及在与微生物群改变相关的感染性和非感染性炎症病理状态下,在粘膜表面免疫防御的进化和功能发展中的作用。
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Current Immunology Reviews
Current Immunology Reviews Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
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期刊介绍: Current Immunology Reviews publishes frontier reviews on all the latest advances in clinical immunology. The journal"s aim is to publish the highest quality review articles dedicated to clinical research in the field. The journal is essential reading for all researchers and clinicians in clinical immunology.
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