{"title":"Lithic Production Strategies in the Oldowan Assemblages from Sterkfontein Member 5 and Swartkrans Member 1, Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"M. Caruana","doi":"10.1163/21915784-12340001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Sterkfontein Member 5 East (Oldowan Infill) and Swartkrans Member 1 (Lower Bank) represent the largest concentrations of Oldowan artefacts in southern Africa, and yet they vary significantly in terms of raw material use and typological frequencies. While previous research has described these differences in detail, questions remain as to the cause and implications of this variability. To increase resolution on this matter, this study implements quantitative methods to investigate lithic production strategies at these sites. Results expand upon previous findings concerning differences in raw material use and knapping methods and how these patterns relate to core reduction and flake production. Explanations for these patterns focus on a dichotomy between efficiency and expediency in lithic production, which differ from previous interpretations. As such, variability between these assemblages may relate more to mobility patterns in early hominins within this region and immediate needs for tool use.Le Membre 5 Est (“Oldowan Infill”) de Sterkfontein et le Membre 1 (« Lower Bank ») de Swartkrans ont livre a eux deux la plus importante collection d’artefacts Oldowayens connue d’Afrique du Sud. Pourtant, les ensembles provenant de ces deux gisements presentent des variations considerables, a la fois typologiquement parlant et en termes de matieres premieres lithiques utilisees. Bien que ces differences aient ete decrites dans des travaux anterieurs, certaines questions demeurent quant a l’origine de cette variabilite et ses implications. Afin d’ameliorer notre comprehension de ces questions, l’etude presentee ici met en œuvre une approche quantitative permettant d’etudier les strategies de production lithique sur ces deux sites. Nos resultats developpent ceux precedemment obtenus sur les differences dans l’utilisation des matieres premieres lithiques, les methodes de taille ainsi que le lien entre ces choix, les strategies de reduction des nucleus et la production d’eclats. Ces modeles de production lithique s’expliquent en grande partie par une dichotomie entre efficacite d’une part et rapidite d’autre part – un point qui differe des interpretations precedemment proposees. La variabilite entre ces deux ensembles pourrait ainsi etre rapportee a des schemas de mobilite des premiers hominines dans cette region et a des besoins d’utilisation d’outils immediats.This article is in English.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":16.4000,"publicationDate":"2017-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/21915784-12340001","citationCount":"12","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Accounts of Chemical Research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340001","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Abstract
Sterkfontein Member 5 East (Oldowan Infill) and Swartkrans Member 1 (Lower Bank) represent the largest concentrations of Oldowan artefacts in southern Africa, and yet they vary significantly in terms of raw material use and typological frequencies. While previous research has described these differences in detail, questions remain as to the cause and implications of this variability. To increase resolution on this matter, this study implements quantitative methods to investigate lithic production strategies at these sites. Results expand upon previous findings concerning differences in raw material use and knapping methods and how these patterns relate to core reduction and flake production. Explanations for these patterns focus on a dichotomy between efficiency and expediency in lithic production, which differ from previous interpretations. As such, variability between these assemblages may relate more to mobility patterns in early hominins within this region and immediate needs for tool use.Le Membre 5 Est (“Oldowan Infill”) de Sterkfontein et le Membre 1 (« Lower Bank ») de Swartkrans ont livre a eux deux la plus importante collection d’artefacts Oldowayens connue d’Afrique du Sud. Pourtant, les ensembles provenant de ces deux gisements presentent des variations considerables, a la fois typologiquement parlant et en termes de matieres premieres lithiques utilisees. Bien que ces differences aient ete decrites dans des travaux anterieurs, certaines questions demeurent quant a l’origine de cette variabilite et ses implications. Afin d’ameliorer notre comprehension de ces questions, l’etude presentee ici met en œuvre une approche quantitative permettant d’etudier les strategies de production lithique sur ces deux sites. Nos resultats developpent ceux precedemment obtenus sur les differences dans l’utilisation des matieres premieres lithiques, les methodes de taille ainsi que le lien entre ces choix, les strategies de reduction des nucleus et la production d’eclats. Ces modeles de production lithique s’expliquent en grande partie par une dichotomie entre efficacite d’une part et rapidite d’autre part – un point qui differe des interpretations precedemment proposees. La variabilite entre ces deux ensembles pourrait ainsi etre rapportee a des schemas de mobilite des premiers hominines dans cette region et a des besoins d’utilisation d’outils immediats.This article is in English.
期刊介绍:
Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance.
Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.