Journal of African Archaeology最新文献

Pharaonic Egypt ruled Upper Nubia (now northern Sudan) from around 1450 to 1070 BCE: previous research has demonstrated how co-opted local elites and descendants of earlier immigrants held senior administrative positions following the initial conquest. Strontium isotope data from 39 individuals buried at the colonial centre of Amara West, combined with archaeological and epigraphic evidence, enable us to demonstrate that elites continued to arrive from outside Nubia in the last 150 years of pharaonic rule, settling amongst long-standing communities. Migration to the occupied territory clearly remained a key component of the colonial project, at a time when indigenous Nubian material culture and practice had become more visible within the pharaonic towns. This pattern of immigration seems to have ceased following the pharaonic state losing control of the region.

Bioarchaeology, as a subdiscipline, has begun confronting its colonial origins and discussing how to incorporate stakeholders and ethically move forward. Here, we frame this discussion within the context of Sudan and Ancient Nubia. We argue that first we must acknowledge the sordid history of the discipline and then actively take steps to dismantle continuing systems of racism, sexism, and western-centered biases. We begin by discussing the history of the excavation, analysis, and treatment of human skeletal remains from early excavations through to current projects. We then turn to an examination of how we can further decolonize bioarchaeology in Sudan. This will certainly involve working closely with local communities and the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, as well as a reconsideration of decision-making processes. We are working towards a best care practices document, detailing guidelines for the curation and analysis of human skeletal remains.

This paper exploits the rich but little-studied corpus of archaeological textiles found in modern Sudan and Nubia and dated to the Meroitic and Postmeroitic periods (c.350 BCE–550 CE). It allies current approaches developed in the field of mortuary archaeology with an in-depth analysis of textile artefacts discovered in situ in the graves of the ancient Sudanese people. Going beyond the simple description of textile items and their potential place in the tomb, the concept of funerary chaîne opératoire is used to trace and interpret textile gestures around the deceased. Through many examples and the detailed case study of an ‘archer’ grave from Gebel Adda (Lower Nubia), this article aims at demonstrating the active and important role of textiles in the transformation of the dead, from an inert body to a revered ancestor.

The image of a giraffe was added to both wheelmade and handmade pottery, faience plaques, temple walls and rock art in the Meroitic period of the Kingdom of Kush (c.570 BC–AD550), located in modern-day Sudan. However, giraffes do not appear in contemporary royal and elite art and architecture. This article explores the giraffe motif in Kush and compares this to its use earlier in Sudanese history as well as in neighbouring Egypt. The use of this motif on specific media suggests it was important in the symbolic language shared in the Middle Nile Region, but not in the elite canon, meaning it may be a window into understanding oral traditional practices of this time, that perhaps evolved and circulated over a long time period.

Résumé

Tamdûlt est une ville du Maroc présaharien médiéval qui était un endroit de forte activité commerciale et industrielle grâce à la richesse de son sous-sol et de sa situation sur l’une des voies commerciales reliant le Maroc avec l’Afrique sub-saharienne entre le IX^e et le XIV^e siècle. Ainsi, la frappe monétaire était l’un des piliers de son développement industriel durant l’époque médiévale. Cette ville comporte des vestiges archéologiques (scories, combustible nécessaire à la réduction du minerai, pièces de monnaie) qui ont un intérêt scientifique exceptionnel. Cependant, les recherches archéologiques menées depuis les années soixante-dix, ne présentent pas de données plus précises sur l’activité minière et métallurgique. Les vestiges de cette dernière reflètent qu’ils sont basés sur l’extraction de cuivre. Nos prospections et interprétations de terrain ont révélé l’existence de scories argentifères (en liaison avec des sites miniers d’extraction de minerais). Cette découverte apporte des données nouvelles et offrent une autre dimension au site, puisqu’en effet, l’argent serait lié à la frappe monétaire aux périodes médiévales. Ces données vont contribuer à préciser et à valoriser, d’avantage, l’histoire minière et métallurgique de cette ville et l’attribuer à son environnement minier régional.