Disease-mediated nutrient dynamics: Coupling host–pathogen interactions with ecosystem elements and energy

IF 7.1 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Ecological Monographs Pub Date : 2022-02-07 DOI:10.1002/ecm.1510
Elizabeth T. Borer, Rachel E. Paseka, Angela Peace, Lale Asik, Rebecca Everett, Thijs Frenken, Angélica L. González, Alexander T. Strauss, Dedmer B. Van de Waal, Lauren A. White, Eric W. Seabloom
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Autotrophs play an essential role in the cycling of carbon and nutrients, yet disease-ecosystem relationships are often overlooked in these dynamics. Importantly, the availability of elemental nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus impacts infectious disease in autotrophs, and disease can induce reciprocal effects on ecosystem nutrient dynamics. Relationships linking infectious disease with ecosystem nutrient dynamics are bidirectional, though the interdependence of these processes has received little attention. We introduce disease-mediated nutrient dynamics (DND) as a framework to describe the multiple, concurrent pathways linking elemental cycles with infectious disease. We illustrate the impact of disease–ecosystem feedback loops on both disease and ecosystem nutrient dynamics using a simple mathematical model, combining approaches from classical ecological (logistic and Droop growth) and epidemiological (susceptible and infected compartments) theory. Our model incorporates the effects of nutrient availability on the growth rates of susceptible and infected autotroph hosts and tracks the return of nutrients to the environment following host death. While focused on autotroph hosts here, the DND framework is generalizable to higher trophic levels. Our results illustrate the surprisingly complex dynamics of host populations, infection patterns, and ecosystem nutrient cycling that can arise from even a relatively simple feedback between disease and nutrients. Feedback loops in disease-mediated nutrient dynamics arise via effects of infection and nutrient supply on host stoichiometry and population size. Our model illustrates how host growth rate, defense, and tissue chemistry can impact the dynamics of disease–ecosystem relationships. We use the model to motivate a review of empirical examples from autotroph–pathogen systems in aquatic and terrestrial environments, demonstrating the key role of nutrient–disease and disease–nutrient relationships in real systems. By assessing existing evidence and uncovering data gaps and apparent mismatches between model predictions and the dynamics of empirical systems, we highlight priorities for future research intended to narrow the persistent disciplinary gap between disease and ecosystem ecology. Future empirical and theoretical work explicitly examining the dynamic linkages between disease and ecosystem ecology will inform fundamental understanding for each discipline and will better position the field of ecology to predict the dynamics of disease and elemental cycles in the context of global change.

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疾病介导的营养动力学:寄主-病原体相互作用与生态系统要素和能量的耦合
自养生物在碳和营养物质的循环中起着至关重要的作用,但在这些动态中,疾病-生态系统的关系往往被忽视。重要的是,氮和磷等元素养分的有效性影响自养生物的传染病,疾病可以诱导生态系统养分动态的相互作用。传染病与生态系统营养动态的关系是双向的,尽管这些过程的相互依赖很少受到关注。我们引入疾病介导的营养动力学(DND)作为一个框架来描述多个,并发的途径连接元素循环与传染病。我们利用一个简单的数学模型,结合经典生态学(logistic和Droop生长)和流行病学(易感和感染区室)理论的方法,说明了疾病-生态系统反馈回路对疾病和生态系统营养动力学的影响。我们的模型结合了养分供应对易感和受感染自养宿主生长速率的影响,并跟踪了宿主死亡后营养物质向环境的返回。虽然这里关注的是自养宿主,但DND框架可以推广到更高的营养水平。我们的结果说明了宿主种群、感染模式和生态系统营养循环的惊人复杂动态,这些动态甚至可以从疾病和营养之间相对简单的反馈中产生。疾病介导的营养动态反馈回路是通过感染和营养供应对宿主化学计量和种群大小的影响而产生的。我们的模型说明了宿主的生长速度、防御和组织化学如何影响疾病-生态系统关系的动态。我们使用该模型来激发对水生和陆地环境中自养病原体系统的经验例子的回顾,展示了营养-疾病和疾病-营养关系在实际系统中的关键作用。通过评估现有证据,揭示模型预测与经验系统动态之间的数据差距和明显的不匹配,我们强调了未来研究的重点,旨在缩小疾病与生态系统生态学之间持续的学科差距。未来明确研究疾病和生态系统生态学之间动态联系的实证和理论工作将为每个学科的基本理解提供信息,并将更好地定位生态学领域,以预测全球变化背景下疾病和元素循环的动态。
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来源期刊
Ecological Monographs
Ecological Monographs 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
12.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
61
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The vision for Ecological Monographs is that it should be the place for publishing integrative, synthetic papers that elaborate new directions for the field of ecology. Original Research Papers published in Ecological Monographs will continue to document complex observational, experimental, or theoretical studies that by their very integrated nature defy dissolution into shorter publications focused on a single topic or message. Reviews will be comprehensive and synthetic papers that establish new benchmarks in the field, define directions for future research, contribute to fundamental understanding of ecological principles, and derive principles for ecological management in its broadest sense (including, but not limited to: conservation, mitigation, restoration, and pro-active protection of the environment). Reviews should reflect the full development of a topic and encompass relevant natural history, observational and experimental data, analyses, models, and theory. Reviews published in Ecological Monographs should further blur the boundaries between “basic” and “applied” ecology. Concepts and Synthesis papers will conceptually advance the field of ecology. These papers are expected to go well beyond works being reviewed and include discussion of new directions, new syntheses, and resolutions of old questions. In this world of rapid scientific advancement and never-ending environmental change, there needs to be room for the thoughtful integration of scientific ideas, data, and concepts that feeds the mind and guides the development of the maturing science of ecology. Ecological Monographs provides that room, with an expansive view to a sustainable future.
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