A Simple and Practical Tool for Indirect Determination of the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Most Common Construction Materials

Abstract

Determination of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of construction materials in the laboratory is tedious and time-consuming. There have been many attempts to indirectly predict UCS using simpler tools and techniques. One of them is the nail gun. The scope of this investigation is to design a nailer which can be applied all construction materials whose UCS range from 1-100 MPa. In the research, rocks, bricks, and concretes prepared in different cement/sand ratios with different strength ranges were used as materials. The unconfined compressive strength of the materials used in the experiments was first determined by conventional compression tests. The nail penetration depths were determined by conducting experiments on the same materials using a nailer with two different energy levels. An empirical relationship was developed by using nail penetration depths, driving energies, and nail diameters as the independent variables and the UCS determined by the conventional method as the dependent variable. According to the empirical relationship determined by multiple regression analysis, the UCS of building materials can be estimated with significance level of 99% by the nail penetration method. The research also revealed that the UCS of rocks might have a coefficient of variation as high as 30%.