Formation of signs of milk productivity of cows depending on their origin by father

Abstract

When breeding dairy cattle, productivity is of the greatest economic and economic importance. A sufficient number of highly productive animals and their effective use in herds reveals the breed's potential, contributes to increasing the genetic potential of cows and the effectiveness of selection and breeding work as a whole. At the same time, it should be noted that according to many scientists, fathers of cows have the most significant influence on the formation of signs of milk productivity. In dairy cattle breeding, about 90 % of the genetic progress of the population is provided by bulls. However, the research of different farms shows that bulls do not have the same effect on the productivity of their daughters. Therefore, it must be taken into account when planning work on improving the productive qualities of dairy cattle. In view of the above, the goal of our research was to find out the influence of bulls on the formation of milk productivity of daughters in different farms. The research was carried out in farms located in different climatic zones of Ukraine, namely: in the SE EF “Olexandrivske” in Vinnytsia region (Forest Steppe zone, n = 714), LLC AE “Imeni Volovikova” in Rivne region (Polyssia zone, n = 1840) and SE “Experimental farm “Askaniyske” (Steppe zone, n = 926) on first-calf heifers and adult cows (III lactation) of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. It was established that during the first lactation, the highest milk yield and milk fat output in the SE Oleksandrivske were characterized by the daughters of the bull Dzhorin (6936 and 248.9 kg), during the third – the daughters of the bull Detektiv (8148 and 295.2 kg), and the most fat-milk the above lactations were, respectively, daughters of Zhames (3.68 %) and S. Aristotl (3.63 %). In LLC AE “Imeni of Volovikova” the daughters of the bull R. Baltimor (7509 and 7486 kg and 267.8 and 281.9 kg, respectively) had the highest milk yield and milk fat output for the two studied lactations, daughters of Derbi (3.74 %) for the first lactation had the best indicators of fat content in the milk, for the third – daughters of Tirs (3.64 %). In the SE "Experimental Farming “Askaniyske” first-calf heifers – daughters of N. Bolt were the most productive (7348 kg), in terms of milk fat output - daughters of Surguch (292.2 kg), and in terms of milk fat – daughters of Latur (4.31 %). The highest productivity during the third lactation was observed in the daughters of the bull Akord (8,329 kg of milk fat, 320.8 kg of milk fat), and the highest milk fat content was observed in the daughters of Polarshtern (4.37 %). The influence of bulls on the fertility of cows in controlled farms was in the range of 14.9–46.2 %, on the fat content in milk - in the range of 7.4–20.2 %.