Ultrastrong and fatigue-resistant bioinspired conductive fibers via the in situ biosynthesis of bacterial cellulose

Abstract

High-performance functional fibers play a critical role in various indispensable fields, including sensing, monitoring, and display. It is desirable yet challenging to develop conductive fibers with excellent mechanical properties for practical applications. Herein, inspired by the exquisite fascicle structure of skeletal muscle, we constructed a high-performance bacterial cellulose (BC)/carbon nanotube (CNT) conductive fiber through in situ biosynthesis and enhancement of structure and interaction. The biosynthesis strategy achieves the in situ entanglement of CNTs in the three-dimensional network of BC through the deposition of CNTs during the growth of BC. The structure enhancement through physical wet drawing and the interaction enhancement through chemical treatment facilitate orientation and bridging of components, respectively. Owing to the ingenious design, the obtained composite fibers integrate high strength (939 MPa), high stiffness (52.3 GPa), high fatigue resistance, and stable electrical performance, making them competitive for constructing fiber-based smart devices for practical applications. A high-performance bacterial cellulose/carbon nanotubes conductive fiber is developed through the in-situ biosynthesis. Through mimicking the structure of muscle fascicles, the composite fiber integrates high strength, high stiffness, high fatigue resistance, and stable electrical performance into one material. Based on those excellent properties, the muscle-inspired fiber is competitive to play a key role in the fields of intelligent fiber-based composites and devices.