Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00565-5
Zhendong Li, Xinxin Wang, Kexin Zeng, Zichao Guo, Chong Li, Xiang Yu, Seeram Ramakrishna, Zhonggang Wang, Yang Lu
In practical engineering, noise and impact hazards are pervasive, indicating the pressing demand for materials that can absorb both sound and stress wave energy simultaneously. However, the rational design of such multifunctional materials remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by cuttlebone, we present bioinspired architected metamaterials with unprecedented sound-absorbing and mechanical properties engineered via a weakly-coupled design. The acoustic elements feature heterogeneous multilayered resonators, whereas the mechanical responses are based on asymmetric cambered cell walls. These metamaterials experimentally demonstrated an average absorption coefficient of 0.80 from 1.0 to 6.0 kHz, with 77% of the data points exceeding the desired 0.75 threshold, all with a compact 21 mm thickness. An absorptance-thickness map is devised for assessing the sound-absorption efficiency. The high-fidelity microstructure-based model reveals the air friction damping mechanism, with broadband behavior attributed to multimodal hybrid resonance. Empowered by the cambered design of cell walls, metamaterials shift catastrophic failure toward a progressive deformation mode characterized by stable stress plateaus and ultrahigh specific energy absorption of 50.7 J/g—a 558.4% increase over the straight-wall design. After the deformation mechanisms are elucidated, a comprehensive research framework for burgeoning acousto-mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Overall, our study broadens the horizon for multifunctional material design.
{"title":"Unprecedented mechanical wave energy absorption observed in multifunctional bioinspired architected metamaterials","authors":"Zhendong Li, Xinxin Wang, Kexin Zeng, Zichao Guo, Chong Li, Xiang Yu, Seeram Ramakrishna, Zhonggang Wang, Yang Lu","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00565-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00565-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In practical engineering, noise and impact hazards are pervasive, indicating the pressing demand for materials that can absorb both sound and stress wave energy simultaneously. However, the rational design of such multifunctional materials remains a challenge. Herein, inspired by cuttlebone, we present bioinspired architected metamaterials with unprecedented sound-absorbing and mechanical properties engineered via a weakly-coupled design. The acoustic elements feature heterogeneous multilayered resonators, whereas the mechanical responses are based on asymmetric cambered cell walls. These metamaterials experimentally demonstrated an average absorption coefficient of 0.80 from 1.0 to 6.0 kHz, with 77% of the data points exceeding the desired 0.75 threshold, all with a compact 21 mm thickness. An absorptance-thickness map is devised for assessing the sound-absorption efficiency. The high-fidelity microstructure-based model reveals the air friction damping mechanism, with broadband behavior attributed to multimodal hybrid resonance. Empowered by the cambered design of cell walls, metamaterials shift catastrophic failure toward a progressive deformation mode characterized by stable stress plateaus and ultrahigh specific energy absorption of 50.7 J/g—a 558.4% increase over the straight-wall design. After the deformation mechanisms are elucidated, a comprehensive research framework for burgeoning acousto-mechanical metamaterials is proposed. Overall, our study broadens the horizon for multifunctional material design.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00564-6
Geunyong Kim, Jinyoung Yun, Jinho Yang, Ilkyu Yang, Dirk Wulferding, Roman Movshovich, Gil Young Cho, Ki-Seok Kim, Garam Hahn, Jeehoon Kim
Geometrically confined superconductors often experience a breakdown in the quantization of magnetic flux owing to the incomplete screening of the supercurrent against field penetration. In this study, we report that magnetic field confinement occurs regardless of the dimensionality of the system, even extending to 1D linear potential systems. By using a vector-field magnetic force microscope, we successfully create a vortex‒antivortex pair connected by a 1D unquantized magnetic flux in ultrathin superconducting films. Through an investigation of the manipulation and thermal behavior of the vortex pair, we uncover a long-range interaction mediated by the unquantized magnetic flux. These findings suggest a universal phenomenon of unquantized magnetic flux formation, independent of the geometry of the system. Our results present an experimental route for investigating the impact of confinement on superconducting properties and order parameters in unconventional superconductors characterized by extremely low dimensionality.
{"title":"Vortex confinement through an unquantized magnetic flux","authors":"Geunyong Kim, Jinyoung Yun, Jinho Yang, Ilkyu Yang, Dirk Wulferding, Roman Movshovich, Gil Young Cho, Ki-Seok Kim, Garam Hahn, Jeehoon Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00564-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00564-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Geometrically confined superconductors often experience a breakdown in the quantization of magnetic flux owing to the incomplete screening of the supercurrent against field penetration. In this study, we report that magnetic field confinement occurs regardless of the dimensionality of the system, even extending to 1D linear potential systems. By using a vector-field magnetic force microscope, we successfully create a vortex‒antivortex pair connected by a 1D unquantized magnetic flux in ultrathin superconducting films. Through an investigation of the manipulation and thermal behavior of the vortex pair, we uncover a long-range interaction mediated by the unquantized magnetic flux. These findings suggest a universal phenomenon of unquantized magnetic flux formation, independent of the geometry of the system. Our results present an experimental route for investigating the impact of confinement on superconducting properties and order parameters in unconventional superconductors characterized by extremely low dimensionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00562-8
P. M. Tembo, C. Dyer, V. Subramanian
The current change in battery technology followed by the almost immediate adoption of lithium as a key resource powering our energy needs in various applications is undeniable. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of the industry and offer excellent performance. The application of LIBs is expected to continue to increase. The adoption of renewable energies has spurred this LIB proliferation and resulted in a dramatic increase in LIB waste. In this review, we address waste LIB collection and segregation approaches, waste LIB treatment approaches, and related economics. We have coined a “green score” concept based on a review of several quantitative analyses from the literature to compare the three mainstream recycling processes: pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling. In addition, we analyze the current trends in policymaking and in government incentive development directed toward promoting LIB waste recycling. Future LIB recycling perspectives are analyzed, and opportunities and threats to LIB recycling are presented.
{"title":"Lithium-ion battery recycling—a review of the material supply and policy infrastructure","authors":"P. M. Tembo, C. Dyer, V. Subramanian","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00562-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00562-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current change in battery technology followed by the almost immediate adoption of lithium as a key resource powering our energy needs in various applications is undeniable. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are at the forefront of the industry and offer excellent performance. The application of LIBs is expected to continue to increase. The adoption of renewable energies has spurred this LIB proliferation and resulted in a dramatic increase in LIB waste. In this review, we address waste LIB collection and segregation approaches, waste LIB treatment approaches, and related economics. We have coined a “green score” concept based on a review of several quantitative analyses from the literature to compare the three mainstream recycling processes: pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling. In addition, we analyze the current trends in policymaking and in government incentive development directed toward promoting LIB waste recycling. Future LIB recycling perspectives are analyzed, and opportunities and threats to LIB recycling are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00563-7
Rae-Hyun Lee, Chea-Yun Kang, Jong-Kyu Lee, Bong-Soo Jin, Kyong-Nam Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Jung-Rag Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee
Garnet-type Li6.1Ga0.3La3Zr2O12 (LGLZO) exhibits high ionic conductivity and extremely low electronic conductivity. The electrochemical properties strongly depend on the characteristics of the grain boundaries and pores in the oxide–ceramic electrolyte. Currently, the main issue of LGLZO is its large grain boundary resistance due to high-temperature sintering. Herein, we propose an effective method for reinforcing the chemical and structural characteristics of the grain boundaries using a Li2O-B2O3-Al2O3 (LBA) sintering aid. In this study, the LBA sintering aid is critical because it fills grain boundaries and void spaces. As a result, LGLZO solid-state electrolytes with sintering aids significantly enhance the ionic conductivity and reduce the activation energy, especially in the grain boundary region. Another crucial issue is the formation of Li dendrites in LGLZO. Since dendritic Li propagates along the grain boundaries, the optimized LGLZO solid-state electrolyte demonstrates excellent stability against Li metals. Overall, the LGLZO electrolyte with the LBA sintering aid exhibits stable long-term cycling performance due to the well-designed grain boundaries.
{"title":"Tailoring the grain boundary structure and chemistry of the dendrite-free garnet solid electrolyte Li6.1Ga0.3La3Zr2O12","authors":"Rae-Hyun Lee, Chea-Yun Kang, Jong-Kyu Lee, Bong-Soo Jin, Kyong-Nam Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim, Jung-Rag Yoon, Seung-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00563-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00563-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Garnet-type Li<sub>6.1</sub>Ga<sub>0.3</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LGLZO) exhibits high ionic conductivity and extremely low electronic conductivity. The electrochemical properties strongly depend on the characteristics of the grain boundaries and pores in the oxide–ceramic electrolyte. Currently, the main issue of LGLZO is its large grain boundary resistance due to high-temperature sintering. Herein, we propose an effective method for reinforcing the chemical and structural characteristics of the grain boundaries using a Li<sub>2</sub>O-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (LBA) sintering aid. In this study, the LBA sintering aid is critical because it fills grain boundaries and void spaces. As a result, LGLZO solid-state electrolytes with sintering aids significantly enhance the ionic conductivity and reduce the activation energy, especially in the grain boundary region. Another crucial issue is the formation of Li dendrites in LGLZO. Since dendritic Li propagates along the grain boundaries, the optimized LGLZO solid-state electrolyte demonstrates excellent stability against Li metals. Overall, the LGLZO electrolyte with the LBA sintering aid exhibits stable long-term cycling performance due to the well-designed grain boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Superconducting magnets based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have become critical components in cutting-edge technologies such as advanced medical applications. In HTSs, weak links of superconductivity are inevitable at high-angle grain boundaries (GBs). Thus, two adjacent grains should be crystallographically aligned within the critical angle (θc), for which the intergrain critical current density (Jc) starts to decrease exponentially. The θc of several iron-based superconductors (IBSs) is larger than that of cuprates. However, the decreases in both θc and intergrain Jc under magnetic fields for IBSs are still substantial, hampering their applications in polycrystalline forms. Here, we report that potassium-doped BaFe2As2 (Ba122:K) exhibits superior GB performance to that of previously reported IBSs. A transport Jc of over 0.1 MA/cm2 across [001]-tilt GBs with misorientation angles up to θGB = 24° was recorded even at 28 K, which is a required level for practical applications. Additionally, even in an applied magnetic field, θc was unaltered, and the decay of the intergrain Jc was small. Our results highlight the exceptional potential of Ba122:K for polycrystalline applications and pave the way for next-generation superconducting magnets.
{"title":"High tolerance of the superconducting current to large grain boundary angles in potassium-doped BaFe2As2","authors":"Takafumi Hatano, Dongyi Qin, Kazumasa Iida, Hongye Gao, Zimeng Guo, Hikaru Saito, Satoshi Hata, Yusuke Shimada, Michio Naito, Akiyasu Yamamoto","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00561-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00561-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Superconducting magnets based on high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) have become critical components in cutting-edge technologies such as advanced medical applications. In HTSs, weak links of superconductivity are inevitable at high-angle grain boundaries (GBs). Thus, two adjacent grains should be crystallographically aligned within the critical angle (<i>θ</i><sub>c</sub>), for which the intergrain critical current density (<i>J</i><sub>c</sub>) starts to decrease exponentially. The <i>θ</i><sub>c</sub> of several iron-based superconductors (IBSs) is larger than that of cuprates. However, the decreases in both <i>θ</i><sub>c</sub> and intergrain <i>J</i><sub>c</sub> under magnetic fields for IBSs are still substantial, hampering their applications in polycrystalline forms. Here, we report that potassium-doped BaFe<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub> (Ba122:K) exhibits superior GB performance to that of previously reported IBSs. A transport <i>J</i><sub>c</sub> of over 0.1 MA/cm<sup>2</sup> across [001]-tilt GBs with misorientation angles up to <i>θ</i><sub>GB</sub> = 24° was recorded even at 28 K, which is a required level for practical applications. Additionally, even in an applied magnetic field, <i>θ</i><sub>c</sub> was unaltered, and the decay of the intergrain <i>J</i><sub>c</sub> was small. Our results highlight the exceptional potential of Ba122:K for polycrystalline applications and pave the way for next-generation superconducting magnets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00560-w
Yanhong Chu, LiFeng Wang, Yaohua Ke, Xiaoyu Feng, Wenmei Rao, Wei Ren, Kai Xin, Yan Wang, Lixia Yu, Baorui Liu, Qin Liu
Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used treatment with strong therapeutic effects, but overcoming challenges related to hypoxia-induced tumor resistance and ineffective antitumor immune responses is crucial for optimal outcomes. In this study, we developed a versatile nanosystem using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), R837, and a small quantity of manganese peroxide (Mn/ZnO2). The synthesized MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 nanoparticles exhibited precise tumor targeting and accumulation, controlled drug release under acidic conditions, and increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging. These attributes collectively augmented the therapeutic efficacy of RT by alleviating hypoxia and immunosuppression. Tumor cells treated with RT combined with these nanoparticles displayed reduced oxidative stress, alleviated hypoxia, and normalized blood vessel formation. Notably, all mice in the RT + PD-1 + MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 group achieved complete tumor regression with extended survival. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO2 toxicity, highlighting its potential as a promising approach with dual functionality for the diagnostic imaging and treatment of cancer.
{"title":"A multifunctional mesoporous silica drug delivery nanosystem that ameliorates tumor hypoxia and increases radiotherapy efficacy","authors":"Yanhong Chu, LiFeng Wang, Yaohua Ke, Xiaoyu Feng, Wenmei Rao, Wei Ren, Kai Xin, Yan Wang, Lixia Yu, Baorui Liu, Qin Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00560-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00560-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiotherapy (RT) is a widely used treatment with strong therapeutic effects, but overcoming challenges related to hypoxia-induced tumor resistance and ineffective antitumor immune responses is crucial for optimal outcomes. In this study, we developed a versatile nanosystem using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), R837, and a small quantity of manganese peroxide (Mn/ZnO<sub>2</sub>). The synthesized MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles exhibited precise tumor targeting and accumulation, controlled drug release under acidic conditions, and increased sensitivity in magnetic resonance imaging. These attributes collectively augmented the therapeutic efficacy of RT by alleviating hypoxia and immunosuppression. Tumor cells treated with RT combined with these nanoparticles displayed reduced oxidative stress, alleviated hypoxia, and normalized blood vessel formation. Notably, all mice in the RT + PD-1 + MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO<sub>2</sub> group achieved complete tumor regression with extended survival. Safety assessments confirmed the absence of MSN@R837-Mn/ZnO<sub>2</sub> toxicity, highlighting its potential as a promising approach with dual functionality for the diagnostic imaging and treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00559-3
Jae Yeon Seo, Sunghyun Lim, H. Shin, Ki Won Jeong, Jae Min Hong, Kyungsun Moon, Mi Kyung Kim, N. Lee, Young Jai Choi
{"title":"Probing the weak limit of magnetocrystalline anisotropy through a spin‒flop transition in the van der Waals antiferromagnet CrPS4","authors":"Jae Yeon Seo, Sunghyun Lim, H. Shin, Ki Won Jeong, Jae Min Hong, Kyungsun Moon, Mi Kyung Kim, N. Lee, Young Jai Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00559-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00559-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00558-4
Sang-Mi Jeong, Jonguk Yang, Youngsoo Kang, Hee Sung Seo, Keumyoung Seo, Taekyung Lim, Sanghyun Ju
In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach for generating robotic faces with a thermal signature similar to that of humans and equipping prosthetic or robotic hands with a lifelike temperature distribution. This approach enhances their detection via infrared cameras and promotes more natural interactions between humans and robots. This method integrates a temperature regulation system into artificial skin, drawing inspiration from the human body’s natural temperature control via blood flow. Central to this technique is a fiber network simulating blood vessels within the artificial skin. Water flows through these fibers under specific temperature and flow conditions, forming a controlled heat release system. The heat emission can be adjusted by changing the dilation of these fibers, primarily by modulating the frequency of circulation. Our findings indicate that this approach can replicate the varied thermal characteristics of different human faces and hand areas. Consequently, the robotic faces appear more human-like in infrared images, aiding their identification by infrared cameras. At the same time, the prosthetic hands achieve a more natural temperature, reducing the discomfort typically felt in direct contact with synthetic limbs. The aim of this study was to address the challenges faced by the users of prosthetic hands. The results from this study show a promising direction in humanoid robotics, fostering improved tactile interactions and redefining human–robot relationships. This innovative technique facilitates further advancements, blurring the lines between artificial aids and natural biological systems.
{"title":"Thermoregulatory integration in hand prostheses and humanoid robots through blood vessel simulation","authors":"Sang-Mi Jeong, Jonguk Yang, Youngsoo Kang, Hee Sung Seo, Keumyoung Seo, Taekyung Lim, Sanghyun Ju","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00558-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00558-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach for generating robotic faces with a thermal signature similar to that of humans and equipping prosthetic or robotic hands with a lifelike temperature distribution. This approach enhances their detection via infrared cameras and promotes more natural interactions between humans and robots. This method integrates a temperature regulation system into artificial skin, drawing inspiration from the human body’s natural temperature control via blood flow. Central to this technique is a fiber network simulating blood vessels within the artificial skin. Water flows through these fibers under specific temperature and flow conditions, forming a controlled heat release system. The heat emission can be adjusted by changing the dilation of these fibers, primarily by modulating the frequency of circulation. Our findings indicate that this approach can replicate the varied thermal characteristics of different human faces and hand areas. Consequently, the robotic faces appear more human-like in infrared images, aiding their identification by infrared cameras. At the same time, the prosthetic hands achieve a more natural temperature, reducing the discomfort typically felt in direct contact with synthetic limbs. The aim of this study was to address the challenges faced by the users of prosthetic hands. The results from this study show a promising direction in humanoid robotics, fostering improved tactile interactions and redefining human–robot relationships. This innovative technique facilitates further advancements, blurring the lines between artificial aids and natural biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141771071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00557-5
P. M. Hari Prasad, G. Malavika, Anuraj Pillai, Sachu Sadan, Zeena S. Pillai
Organic electrode materials (OEMs) possess low discharge potentials and charge‒discharge rates, making them suitable for use as affordable and eco-friendly rechargeable energy storage systems without needing metals such as lithium or sodium. OEMs can provide a sustainable energy economy by their development into stable and efficient next-generation high-power batteries. Despite the presence of several classes of OEMs, such as conducting polymers, 2D and 3D metal-organic frameworks, organolithium derivatives, 2D covalent organic frameworks, aromatic heterocyclic imides, and viologen derivatives, since their introduction in the 1960s, carbonyl-based molecules have maintained low discharge potentials and stable charging/discharging properties. Nevertheless, several redox-active organic molecules, including carbonyl derivatives, show poor electrochemical stability and ionic mobility in standard battery electrolytes, hampering their commercial use. Therefore, with the increased demand for renewable energy, the synthesis and testing of carbonyl-based OEMs continue to be performed in energy research. This review summarizes recent advances in developing carbonyl-based OEMs and their performance in rechargeable batteries.
{"title":"+Emerging organic electrode materials for sustainable batteries","authors":"P. M. Hari Prasad, G. Malavika, Anuraj Pillai, Sachu Sadan, Zeena S. Pillai","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00557-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00557-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic electrode materials (OEMs) possess low discharge potentials and charge‒discharge rates, making them suitable for use as affordable and eco-friendly rechargeable energy storage systems without needing metals such as lithium or sodium. OEMs can provide a sustainable energy economy by their development into stable and efficient next-generation high-power batteries. Despite the presence of several classes of OEMs, such as conducting polymers, 2D and 3D metal-organic frameworks, organolithium derivatives, 2D covalent organic frameworks, aromatic heterocyclic imides, and viologen derivatives, since their introduction in the 1960s, carbonyl-based molecules have maintained low discharge potentials and stable charging/discharging properties. Nevertheless, several redox-active organic molecules, including carbonyl derivatives, show poor electrochemical stability and ionic mobility in standard battery electrolytes, hampering their commercial use. Therefore, with the increased demand for renewable energy, the synthesis and testing of carbonyl-based OEMs continue to be performed in energy research. This review summarizes recent advances in developing carbonyl-based OEMs and their performance in rechargeable batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.1038/s41427-024-00556-6
Jin Hong Kim, Seoung-Hun Kang, Duhee Yoon, Hakseong Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Mohd Musaib Haidari, Dong Jin Jang, Jin-Yong Ko, Young-Woo Son, Bae Ho Park, Jin Sik Choi
Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with small twist angles has attracted significant attention because of its unique electronic properties arising from the formation of a moiré superlattice. In this study, we systematically characterized the twist-angle-dependent electronic and transport properties of tBLG grown via chemical vapor deposition. This characterization included parameters such as the charge-neutral point voltage, carrier concentration, resistance, and mobility, covering a wide range of twist angles from 0° to 30°. We experimentally demonstrated that these parameters exhibited twist-angle-dependent moiré period trends, with high twist angles exceeding 9°, revealing more practically useful features, including improved mobilities compared to those of single-layer graphene. In addition, we demonstrated that the doping states and work functions were weakly dependent on the twist angles, as confirmed by additional first-principles calculations. This study provides valuable insights into the transport properties of tBLG and its potential for practical applications in the emerging field of twistronics.
{"title":"Twist angle-dependent transport properties of twisted bilayer graphene","authors":"Jin Hong Kim, Seoung-Hun Kang, Duhee Yoon, Hakseong Kim, Jin-Soo Kim, Mohd Musaib Haidari, Dong Jin Jang, Jin-Yong Ko, Young-Woo Son, Bae Ho Park, Jin Sik Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41427-024-00556-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-024-00556-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) with small twist angles has attracted significant attention because of its unique electronic properties arising from the formation of a moiré superlattice. In this study, we systematically characterized the twist-angle-dependent electronic and transport properties of tBLG grown via chemical vapor deposition. This characterization included parameters such as the charge-neutral point voltage, carrier concentration, resistance, and mobility, covering a wide range of twist angles from 0° to 30°. We experimentally demonstrated that these parameters exhibited twist-angle-dependent moiré period trends, with high twist angles exceeding 9°, revealing more practically useful features, including improved mobilities compared to those of single-layer graphene. In addition, we demonstrated that the doping states and work functions were weakly dependent on the twist angles, as confirmed by additional first-principles calculations. This study provides valuable insights into the transport properties of tBLG and its potential for practical applications in the emerging field of twistronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19382,"journal":{"name":"Npg Asia Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}