Epithelial barrier hypothesis and the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases

Duygu Yazici, Ismail Ogulur, Ozan Kucukkase, Manru Li, Arturo O. Rinaldi, Yagiz Pat, Alexandra Wallimann, Sebastian Wawrocki, Zeynep Celebi Sozener, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Cansin Sackesen, Mubeccel Akdis, Yasutaka Mitamura, Cezmi A. Akdis
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

The “epithelial barrier hypothesis” proposes that genetic predisposition to epithelial barrier damage, exposure to various epithelial barrier–damaging agents and chronic periepithelial inflammation are responsible for the development of allergic and autoimmune diseases. Particularly, the introduction of more than 200,000 new chemicals to our daily lives since the 1960s has played a major role in the pandemic increase of these diseases. The epithelial barrier constitutes the first line of physical, chemical, and immunological defence against external factors. A leaky epithelial barrier initiates the translocation of the microbiome from the surface of affected tissues to interepithelial and even deeper subepithelial areas. In tissues with a defective epithelial barrier, colonization of opportunistic pathogens, decreased microbiota biodiversity, local inflammation, and impaired regeneration and remodelling takes place. A dysregulated immune response against commensals and opportunistic pathogens starts. Migration of inflammatory cells to other tissues and their contribution to tissue injury and inflammation in the affected tissues are key events in the development and exacerbation of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Understanding the underlying factors that affect the integrity of epithelial barriers is essential to find preventive measures or effective treatments to restore its function. The aim of this review is to assess the origins of allergic and autoimmune diseases within the framework of the epithelial barrier hypothesis.

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上皮屏障假说与过敏性和自身免疫性疾病的发展
“上皮屏障假说”提出,上皮屏障损伤的遗传易感性、暴露于各种上皮屏障损伤剂和慢性上皮周炎症是过敏性和自身免疫性疾病发展的原因。特别是,自20世纪60年代以来,我们的日常生活中引入了20多万种新的化学物质,这在这些疾病的流行增加中发挥了重要作用。上皮屏障构成了抵御外部因素的物理、化学和免疫防御的第一道防线。渗漏的上皮屏障启动微生物组从受影响组织表面转移到上皮间甚至更深的上皮下区域。在上皮屏障有缺陷的组织中,会发生机会性病原体定植、微生物群生物多样性降低、局部炎症以及再生和重塑受损。针对共生和机会性病原体的失调免疫反应开始了。炎症细胞向其他组织的迁移及其对受影响组织的组织损伤和炎症的贡献是许多慢性炎症疾病发展和恶化的关键事件。了解影响上皮屏障完整性的潜在因素对于找到恢复其功能的预防措施或有效治疗方法至关重要。这篇综述的目的是在上皮屏障假说的框架内评估过敏性和自身免疫性疾病的起源。
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来源期刊
Allergo Journal International
Allergo Journal International Medicine-Immunology and Allergy
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
31
期刊介绍: Allergo Journal International is the official Journal of the German Society for Applied Allergology (AeDA) and the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI). The journal is a forum for the communication and exchange of ideas concerning the various aspects of allergy (including related fields such as clinical immunology and environmental medicine) and promotes German allergy research in an international context. The aim of Allergo Journal International is to provide state of the art information for all medical and scientific disciplines that deal with allergic, immunological and environmental diseases. Allergo Journal International publishes original articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, and letters to the editor. The articles cover topics such as allergic, immunological and environmental diseases, the latest developments in diagnosis and therapy as well as current research work concerning antigens and allergens and aspects related to occupational and environmental medicine. In addition, it publishes clinical guidelines and position papers approved by expert panels of the German, Austrian and Swiss Allergy Societies. All submissions are reviewed in single-blind fashion by at least two reviewers. Originally, the journal started as a German journal called Allergo Journal back in 1992. Throughout the years, English articles amounted to a considerable portion in Allergo Journal. This was one of the reasons to extract the scientific content and publish it in a separate journal. Hence, Allergo Journal International was born and now is the international continuation of the original German journal. Nowadays, all original content is published in Allergo Journal International first. Later, selected manuscripts will be translated and published in German and included in Allergo Journal.
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