Hydrogeochemistry, ionic speciation, controlling processes and agricultural suitability of groundwaters in sections of the semi-arid basement complex of north–central Nigeria

IF 2 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Solid Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-15 DOI:10.1016/j.sesci.2023.06.001
Azubuike S. Ekwere, Ebenezer A. Kudamnya, Oyonga A. Oyonga, Emmanuel E. Okon
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Abstract

In order to ascertain the governing mechanisms, sources, and speciation of ionic species, identify hydrochemical facies, and assess their appropriateness for agricultural use, groundwaters from several portions of the semi-arid basement complex of north–central Nigeria were analyzed based on chemistry. Basement aquifers made of gneiss-migmatites, metasediments, and granitoids store groundwater. Standard analytical techniques were used to analyze the fluids for main cations, anions, and physical characteristics. The results showed that the waters were slightly acidic (with a mean pH of 5.38, below the permissible range of 6.5–8.5), and that the predominant cations and anions were Na+ >Ca2+ >K+ >Mg2+ and Cl > NO3- > HCO3- > SO42−, respectively. Analysis of the ions' stoichiometric ratios reveals that alkali elements predominate, making up about 55.3% of the ions and being connected to silicate weathering. Based on ionic ratio calculations, it was determined that ion exchange was a key factor controlling water chemistry. Ionic species cross plots show that silicate weathering (sodic and calcic plagioclase) predominates. Hydrochemical facies, Gibbs plots, and principal component (correlation, cluster and factor) studies all show that ionic elements are geogenic, essentially coming from the weathering of silicates with ion exchanges. Based on predicted saturation indices, hydrochemical modeling by the computer program VISUAL-MINTEQ reveals that the majority of main ions occur in free mobile states with associated mineral species, all at undersaturated levels. Based on measurements of the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (% Na), and chloro-alkaline indices (CAI), the waters have been evaluated for their suitability for agricultural use.

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尼日利亚中北部半干旱基底复合体部分地下水的水文地球化学、离子形态、控制过程和农业适宜性
为了确定离子种类的控制机制、来源和形态,确定水化学相,并评估其是否适合农业使用,我们对尼日利亚中北部半干旱基底复合体的几个部分的地下水进行了化学分析。由片麻岩混杂岩、变质沉积物和花岗岩构成的基底含水层储存地下水。采用标准分析技术分析液体的主要阳离子、阴离子和物理特性。结果表明:水体呈微酸性(平均pH为5.38,低于6.5 ~ 8.5的允许范围),主要阳离子和阴离子为Na+ >、Ca2+ >、K+ >、Mg2+和Cl - >NO3祝辞HCO3 -比;分别SO42−。离子的化学计量比分析表明,碱元素占主导地位,约占离子的55.3%,与硅酸盐风化有关。通过离子比计算,确定了离子交换是控制水化学的关键因素。离子种类交叉图显示硅酸盐风化(钠质和钙质斜长石)占主导地位。水化学相、吉布斯图和主成分(相关、簇和因子)研究均表明,离子元素主要来自硅酸盐的风化和离子交换。基于预测的饱和度指数,通过计算机程序VISUAL-MINTEQ进行的水化学模拟显示,大多数主要离子与伴生矿物以自由流动状态存在,均处于欠饱和水平。根据钠吸附比(SAR)、钠百分率(% Na)和氯碱指数(CAI)的测定,对其农业利用的适宜性进行了评价。
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来源期刊
Solid Earth Sciences
Solid Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
5.00%
发文量
20
审稿时长
103 days
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