Greywater generation and reuse among residents of low-income urban settlements in the Oforikrom Municipal Assembly, Ghana

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 WATER RESOURCES Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI:10.2166/washdev.2023.009
Barbara Gyapong-Korsah, Godwin Armstrong Duku, E. Appiah-Effah, K. Boakye, Bismark Dwumfour-Asare, H. Essandoh, K. Nyarko
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Abstract

Greywater management in Ghana has yet to receive the needed attention even though its current generation and reuse practices pose severe environmental and public health concerns, including odour nuisance, groundwater pollution, and risks from pathogens. This study examined the current greywater generation and reuse patterns among low-income urban residents in Kumasi, Ghana. Data were collected from three communities (Ayeduase, Kotei, and Twumduase) through cluster sampling, and a total of 458 questionnaires were administered to households. The average amount of greywater generated for various activities in low-income urban settlements was 53.7 l/c/d. The results showed that greywater reuse is not common among the study participants, but those who reuse it prefer laundry to kitchen and bathroom greywater. The proportion of greywater reuse was estimated at 20.1%, with 2.6, 0.9, and 17.9% of households reusing greywater from the kitchen, bathroom, and laundry, respectively. Factors that significantly influenced greywater reuse included age, the community of residence, and the type of house. The study suggests that increased education and awareness about greywater treatment, reuse, and impacts in low-income urban communities could lead to increased participation in its management.
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加纳Oforikrom市议会低收入城市住区居民的灰水产生和再利用
加纳的灰水管理尚未得到必要的关注,尽管其目前的生成和再利用做法带来了严重的环境和公共卫生问题,包括气味滋扰、地下水污染和病原体风险。本研究调查了加纳库马西低收入城市居民目前的灰水产生和再利用模式。通过整群抽样从三个社区(Ayeduase、Kotei和Twumduase)收集数据,共向家庭发放了458份问卷。低收入城市住区各种活动产生的灰水平均量为53.7 l/c/d。结果表明,灰水重复使用在研究参与者中并不常见,但那些重复使用灰水的人更喜欢洗衣房而不是厨房和浴室的灰水。灰水回用的比例估计为20.1%,分别有2.6%、0.9%和17.9%的家庭回用厨房、浴室和洗衣房的灰水。显著影响灰水回用的因素包括年龄、居住社区和房屋类型。该研究表明,提高对低收入城市社区灰水处理、再利用和影响的教育和认识,可能会增加对其管理的参与。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
11.80%
发文量
58
审稿时长
16 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the dissemination of high-quality information on the science, policy and practice of drinking-water supply, sanitation and hygiene at local, national and international levels.
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