{"title":"The Decline of U.S. Labor Unions: Import Competition and NLRB Elections","authors":"Zachary Schaller","doi":"10.1177/0160449X221126534","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Why has private sector union participation fallen away so much in the United States since the late 1950s? Featuring an improved dataset on National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections, I present evidence that import penetration accounts for approximately 40 percent of the decline in union formation for U.S. manufacturing. This estimate translates to 4.6 percent of the decline in private sector union density. The effect is driven by trade with low-income countries and, to some extent, other high-income countries. China is not a factor early on, but their strong import growth since 2000 can account for about 12 percentage points of the total decline.","PeriodicalId":35267,"journal":{"name":"Labor Studies Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Labor Studies Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0160449X221126534","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Why has private sector union participation fallen away so much in the United States since the late 1950s? Featuring an improved dataset on National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections, I present evidence that import penetration accounts for approximately 40 percent of the decline in union formation for U.S. manufacturing. This estimate translates to 4.6 percent of the decline in private sector union density. The effect is driven by trade with low-income countries and, to some extent, other high-income countries. China is not a factor early on, but their strong import growth since 2000 can account for about 12 percentage points of the total decline.
期刊介绍：
The Labor Studies Journal is the official journal of the United Association for Labor Education and is a multi-disciplinary journal publishing research on work, workers, labor organizations, and labor studies and worker education in the US and internationally. The Journal is interested in manuscripts using a diversity of research methods, both qualitative and quantitative, directed at a general audience including union, university, and community based labor educators, labor activists and scholars from across the social sciences and humanities. As a multi-disciplinary journal, manuscripts should be directed at a general audience, and care should be taken to make methods, especially highly quantitative ones, accessible to a general reader.
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