GRAIN PRODUCTIVITY OF SOYBEAN UNDER DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE

V. Dumych, O. Krupych
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Abstract

The purpose of research is determination of an effective soil cultivation method that will create favorable soil conditions for plant growth and development, accumulation of crop seeds and provides high economic efficiency of culture growing on sod-podzolic soils in the Western region of Ukraine. Research methods - hypothesis, experiment, field observation, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation. Research results. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the impact on yield and efficiency of soybean cultivation of the following factors: – factor A (soil type): a) turf deeply gley sandy; b) sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam; – factor B (tillage): a) traditional (plowing with a reversible mounted plow PON-5/4 to a depth of 25 cm); b) mulching (disking in two tracks with a harrow BDV-3.6 to a depth of 15 cm). The plow and the disc harrow were aggregated with HTZ-150 K tractors According to the quality scores, the turf deeply gleyed sandy soil of plot I by all criteria prevails over similar parameters of sod-slightly podzolic sandy soil of plot II, which indicates its higher fertility. The agrochemical score of the soil in plot I is 56 and is higher than in plot II, where it is equal to 37 points. In the area and density of the stem in the gathering period was 1.7-1.9 pcs./m2 greater compared to this indicator in the II site. On the site and plants grew better and evolved. Biological yield on the site and amounted to 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was greater than in the II region by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of research, deterioration of grain performance in variant with mulk treatment is also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional treatments was 13.6 % and 12.0 % more comparable to variants of mulum grinding. In section I, the density of stems during the harvest period was 1.7-1.9 units/m2 higher compared to this indicator in section II. In the area I plants grew and developed better. Biological yield in plot I was 1.77-2.01 t/ha and was higher than in plot II by 41.6 % and 43.6 %. According to the results of the research, the deterioration of grain productivity indicators in the variant with mulching was also noted. Biological yield of seeds in areas with traditional tillage was 13.6% and 12.0% higher compared to mulching options. According to research, it can be stated that soil fertility has a greater impact on soybean grain productivity than tillage systems. The costs of growing soybeans, depending on the type and mechanical composition of the soil and the method of tillage ranged from 18860 to 19735 UAH / ha. Higher tillage costs were obtained in section I, which was characterized by heavier mechanical composition of gley soils. However, the soils of plot I have higher fertility and optimal acidity, which allowed to obtain higher grain productivity than in plot II – 1.77-1.01 t/ha against 1.25-1.40 t/ha. Due to higher yields, the unit cost of production in section I was 9818-10765 UAH/t and was lower by 4019-4323 UAH/t compared to section II. Conclusions. The use of traditional tillage requires higher costs, but due to higher yields, and hence the growth of income from the sale of seeds, greater profits and the level of profitability of production. Therefore, it should be noted that in the conditions of Western Ukraine, the traditional method of tillage based on plowing is a more effective method than mulching.
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乌克兰西部地区不同耕作制度下大豆的粮食生产率
研究的目的是确定一种有效的土壤栽培方法,该方法将为乌克兰西部地区的草灰土壤上的植物生长发育和作物种子的积累创造有利的土壤条件,并提供高经济效益的栽培。研究方法-假设,实验,实地观察,实验室,目测和比较计算。研究的结果。本试验方案主要研究以下因素对大豆栽培产量和效率的影响:-因子A(土壤类型):A)草皮深沟砂;B)轻度灰化砂壤土;-因素B(耕作):a)传统(使用可逆安装的PON-5/4犁犁地至25厘米深);b)覆盖(用BDV-3.6耙耙成两道,深度为15厘米)。采用htz - 150k型拖拉机对犁头和盘耙进行综合质量评分,结果表明:1区深沟草皮沙土各项指标均优于2区浅灰草皮沙土,肥力较高。I区土壤农化得分为56分,高于II区37分。采集期茎的面积和密度为1.7 ~ 1.9株。/m2比II点的该指标大。在这个地方,植物生长得更好,进化得更好。生物产量为1.77 ~ 2.01 t/ hm2,分别比ⅱ区和ⅱ区高41.6%和43.6%。根据研究结果,还注意到mulk处理对不同品种籽粒性能的影响。在传统处理的地区,种子的生物产量比乳苗研磨的变体高出13.6%和12.0%。在第1部分,采收期茎密度比第2部分的该指标高1.7 ~ 1.9个单位/m2。这一地区的植物生长发育较好。I区生物产量为1.77 ~ 2.01 t/ hm2,分别比II区高41.6%和43.6%。根据研究结果,还注意到覆盖后变异籽粒生产力指标的恶化。传统耕作方式的种子生物产量分别比覆盖方式高13.6%和12.0%。研究表明,土壤肥力比耕作制度对大豆籽粒产量的影响更大。种植大豆的成本取决于土壤的类型和机械成分以及耕作方法,从18860到19735美元/公顷不等。第1部分的耕作成本较高,其特点是粘性土壤的机械成分较重。然而,地块1的土壤肥力和最佳酸度较高,从而获得比地块2更高的粮食产量——1.77-1.01 t/公顷比地块2 1.25-1.40 t/公顷。由于产量较高,第一区段的单位生产成本为9818-10765 UAH/t,比第二区段低4019-4323 UAH/t。结论。使用传统耕作方式需要较高的成本,但由于产量较高,因此销售种子的收入增加,利润增加,生产的盈利水平提高。因此,需要注意的是,在乌克兰西部的条件下,以翻耕为基础的传统耕作方法是比覆盖更有效的方法。
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