{"title":"Johann Beckmann (1739-1811) and Modern Chemical Technology","authors":"Juergen Heinrich Maar","doi":"10.36253/substantia-1870","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Modern chemical technology, in the humanistic spirit of the Enlightenment, begins with Johann Beckmann (1739-1811). It followed pre-modern technologies associated with Cameralism and Chemia Applicata. Beckmann’s holistic approach to technology, expressed in “Anleitung zur Technologie” (1777) and “Entwurf einer Allgemeinen Technologie” (1806), also engages with economic, social, cultural and ethical problems, giving the term ‘technology’ a new meaning. Viewed with skepticism in his time, there was a revival of Beckmann’s ideas by Franz Exner (1840-1913) in 1878. Only in recent decades his contribution to technology was more extensively studied. Examples of Beckmann’s ideas are presented.","PeriodicalId":32750,"journal":{"name":"Substantia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Substantia","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.36253/substantia-1870","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Arts and Humanities","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Modern chemical technology, in the humanistic spirit of the Enlightenment, begins with Johann Beckmann (1739-1811). It followed pre-modern technologies associated with Cameralism and Chemia Applicata. Beckmann’s holistic approach to technology, expressed in “Anleitung zur Technologie” (1777) and “Entwurf einer Allgemeinen Technologie” (1806), also engages with economic, social, cultural and ethical problems, giving the term ‘technology’ a new meaning. Viewed with skepticism in his time, there was a revival of Beckmann’s ideas by Franz Exner (1840-1913) in 1878. Only in recent decades his contribution to technology was more extensively studied. Examples of Beckmann’s ideas are presented.
在启蒙运动的人文精神下，现代化学技术始于约翰·贝克曼(1739-1811)。它遵循了与摄影和应用化学相关的前现代技术。贝克曼在《Anleitung zur Technologie》(1777)和《Entwurf einer Allgemeinen Technologie》(1806)中表达的对技术的整体方法也涉及经济、社会、文化和伦理问题，赋予了“技术”一词新的含义。在他那个时代，人们对贝克曼的观点持怀疑态度，1878年弗朗茨·埃克斯纳(1840-1913)复兴了贝克曼的观点。直到最近几十年，他对技术的贡献才得到更广泛的研究。介绍了贝克曼思想的例子。
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