High lipid and low carbohydrate content diet, immediately after weaning, causes hepatic injury, systemic oxidative stress and diminishment of lipids in white adipose tissue

Abstract

As obesity is now a global pandemic, greater research efforts are needed in order to fully understand the physiological effects of diets with high lipid and low carbohydrate contents, giving special attention to the factors that can lead to a condition of systemic oxidative stress. This condition is related to the onset and development of important diseases including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, and heart attack. In this work, immediately after weaning, Wistar rats (n = 8) were submitted to a hyperlipidic diet (34.5% lipids, 23.3% carbohydrates, 24.9% proteins) during 155 days. A control group (n = 8) consumed a standard diet for rodents (4.5% lipids, 48.0% carbohydrates, 25.3% proteins). The hyperlipidic diet did not cause obesity during the period of the experiment, but was detrimental to the development of mass and length of the animals during the first 57 days. A condition of oxidative stress was established, as demonstrated by decreases of plasma proteins and reduced thiols, as well as alterations of hemoglobin. Additional systemic damage was exhibited, including increased glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia, as well as hepatic damage evidenced by the plasma activities of the enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Decrease in lipid concentration ion white adipose tissue, which would allow increased triacylglycerol synthesis and storage if dietary carbohydrates were increased. It could be concluded that the hyperlipidic diet induced severe hepatic damage and might contribute to the future development of obesity and diabetes if the content of carbohydrates in the diet was increased.