Journal of nutrition & intermediary metabolism最新文献

The purpose of this investigation was to identify if raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) through vitamin D supplementation modulates circulating cytokine concentrations in subjects with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study consisted of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study design. Twenty-nine subjects with knee OA were randomly assigned to one of two oral-supplement groups: 1) placebo (PL; n = 15) or 2) vitamin D (VD; n = 14; 4000 IU/d, cholecalciferol). Supplements were taken daily for 84-d. Serum 25(OH)D and cytokine concentrations were measured in fasting blood samples obtained prior to (i.e., at Baseline (Bsl)), during, and following supplementation. At Bsl, circulating interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12 concentrations were significantly (all p < 0.05) higher in subjects above (i.e., ≥26.3 ng/mL, n = 14) compared to below (i.e., <26.3 ng/mL, n = 15) the median serum 25(OH)D concentration prior to supplementation. Following supplementation, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) increased (~45%) in the VD group and circulating cytokine concentrations were not significantly different between groups (i.e., PL vs VD). Based on these findings, we conclude that higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations at baseline associate with higher serum IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations in subjects with knee OA. However, raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations with vitamin D supplementation did not perturb serum cytokine concentrations. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04121533.

Vitamin A, E, and C are powerful non enzymatic antioxidants responsible for capturing free radicals, and thus, they prevent oxidative chain reactions. Persistent oxidative stress may cause resistance to apoptosis, which promotes cell proliferation and leads to the tumor and its angiogenesis. Serum level of Vitamin A, E, and C were estimated in carcinoma cervix patients at different phases of treatment and compared it with healthy controls. Ninety-seven histopathologically diagnosed Cervical Carcinoma patients, and thirty age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Blood samples were taken once from the controls. From each patient undergoing Radiotherapy, four samples were collected i.e., before, during, immediately after and at three months follow-up of treatment. The serum was separated and stored at −20 °C until examination. Statistical analysis was done with the commercial SPSS 21.0 package for Windows (SPSS, IBM Bangalore). P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Vitamin A, E, and C levels were lower in carcinoma cervix patients of all FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages compared to controls. Patient serum levels of vitamins decreased again during Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy and immediately after the therapy. There is an elevation shown by these vitamins after three months of follow up. The results indicate that the lower serum vitamin A, E, and C levels before treatment could be a cause or an effect of cancer. Further decrease in vitamin levels during and immediately after therapy shows the high oxidative stress during the treatment period, which is beneficial for the patient. These altered vitamin levels were normalized during the time of follow-up.

HarvestPlus is the global leader in biofortification and has been leading biofortification efforts in India for nearly a decade. A workshop hosted by HarvestPlus was held in April 2019 in New Delhi to discuss ways to increase the scale, reach and impact of naturally nutritious (biofortified) foods in India by working in partnership with the food industry. This paper summarizes the output of that 2-day workshop. HarvestPlus has conducted research into the barriers for scale-up and co-created solutions to overcoming those barriers through partnership with the food industry. During this workshop, it emerged that there is significant demand from the food industry who see value in biofortification to both their business and the health of their customers and the country. Small working groups explored specific opportunities around supply chains, food products and composition, and consumers & markets. Several common themes emerged from the deliberations. All three groups identified lack of awareness as a major barrier to scale. More data on the health and nutrition impacts, as well as consumer and market research, is critically needed to build the food industry's understanding of biofortified foods. Ensuring supply chain integrity, meeting manufacturing product standards, and developing strategic messaging for consumers were also mentioned repeatedly. Ending hidden hunger and managing a profitable food business can be done simultaneously and sustainably. By addressing the barriers to embedding biofortification into the food system, HarvestPlus aims to increase the access that families and communities have to nutritious seeds and foods. This paper; is a summary of the activities required to take the nutritional requirements of foods, to; crop development all the way to food on consumers plates. Topics include current nutrition impact evidence, policy support, farmer issues, the requirements of the food industry and food product marketing and communication.

Incidence rates of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. This correlates with increased consumption of red meats, alcohol, refined sugars, oils and animal fats, typical of a “Western” diet. Poor dietary habits are the most ubiquitous environmental factor implicated in IBD, along with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Taste genetics and oral receptor expression levels determine dietary preferences and therefore, nutritional intake. Taste receptors (TRs) are also expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, where they are involved in modulating metabolic processes and gastrointestinal function. Importantly, these receptors are known to be involved in the modulation of inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract. In this system, TRs detect and respond to bacteria and bacterial signalling molecules and initiate protective responses. We propose that TRs play a similar role in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby modulating risk for IBD. TRs may indirectly affect risk for IBD by altering dietary intake, and therefore microbial composition and function. Alternatively, TRs may directly detect and respond to gastrointestinal bacterial components. Overall, there is evidence to suggest an emerging role for TRs in the aetiology of IBD. Furthermore, targeting these receptors via dietary modulation may have therapeutic potential.

Oral disorders are a significant public health concern. Oral inflammatory diseases are periodontal infections, oral mucosal lesions, pulpal and periapical lesions. The aetiology is multi-factorial and usually associated with a microbial origin, often driven by the overconsumption of free sugars. However, the role of micronutrients in these processes is now becoming apparent. Most of these studies have emphasised on systemic inflammation, but now the trends have shifted towards the role of micronutrients in oral inflammation. The progression of periodontal disease and healing of the periodontal tissues can be modulated by nutritional status. There are numerous degenerative changes in oral mucosa which have been observed during specific micronutrient deficiencies. Recent studies have advocated the use of dietary supplementation of particular micronutrients to treat the oral inflammatory lesions along with their standard treatment procedures. The micronutrient supplementation can be orally administered or locally delivered. Previously reviewed articles usually lacked compiled information regarding all oral inflammatory diseases. The current review provides an insight into the role of nutrition in oral inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral mucosal lesions, pulpal and periapical lesions.

Folate serves as a cofactor for one-carbon (1C) transfer reactions. These reactions are involved in the synthesis of DNA nucleotides, the amino acid methionine, and in the regulation of homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Emerging evidence suggests that these reactions have roles in the development and maintenance of inflammatory responses, with optimal folate availability having key importance in preventing endothelial dysfunction and DNA instability. Low folate levels are commonly observed in chronic inflammatory diseases, indicating that inadequate folate may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions or that chronic inflammation increases folate requirements. These findings highlight folate interventions as a potential treatment in inflammatory disorders. However, current understanding of folate and its influence on inflammatory phenotypes is limited. Evidence indicates that the relationship between folate and inflammation is dependent on several factors, including the timing of intervention, dosage, and interaction with environment and genes. These factors require further investigation before recommendations for folate intake can be made for the prevention and treatment of inflammation. This review outlines the emerging role of folate in inflammation and key factors that may influence this relationship.

Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating anticancer agent with strong efficacy; however, its clinical use is constrained because of its off-target multiple organ toxicity, and one of them is testicular injury. We assayed to explore whether garlic oil (GO) could prevent cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced testicular oxidative stress and hormonal deficit in male rats. Rats were pretreated with GO for 21 days before a single injection of CP (50 mg/kg, ip). The total phenol and flavonoids of GO were estimated as well as its antioxidant capacity using DPPH and FRAP assays. CYP induced prominent depression in testicular activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level, whereas levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) markedly increased and confirmed by histopathological alterations. Serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH were considerably reduced. Interestingly, the GO supplementation attenuated the biochemical changes in the testis, enhanced the hormone levels and alleviated the histological injury. The IC₅₀ of GO in DPPH assay was comparable to that of standard. GO is capable of protecting the testis from CYP toxicity via its antioxidant property. The findings suggest GO beneficial effects in male cancer patients undergoing CYP chemotherapy.

Asthma is a highly prevalent inflammatory disease of the airways. Bacterial metabolites of soluble fibre fermentation, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects via free fatty acid receptor activation and epigenetic regulation through inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). The aim of the present review was to summarise the available evidence for soluble fibre in the treatment and prevention asthma. There is substantial preclinical evidence suggesting soluble fibre may be beneficial in the airways. The clinical evidence in this area is limited, however available studies to date have reported promising evidence for the future of soluble fibre interventions as an adjunct treatment in asthma management.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease of the airways, underpinned by inflammation and worsening lung function. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) can modulate inflammatory mechanisms and may therefore impact lung function in people with COPD. This observational, cross-sectional study of 577 adults in the Whyalla Intergenerational Study of Health (WISH), conducted during 2008–09 in regional South Australia, explored associations between fish and PUFA intakes (from food frequency questionnaires) and lung function (spirometry). It also included a nested case-control study which compared fish and PUFA intakes and plasma phospholipid PUFA levels between 40 people with COPD and 80 age-sex matched controls. In the whole population, linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, smoking status and education demonstrated a weak negative association between lung function (FEV₁% predicted) and consumption of fried fish (OR -0.12, 95% CI -0.22, −0.01, P = 0.026) but not fish prepared by other cooking methods or estimated intakes of PUFA. There was no association between fish or PUFA intakes and COPD risk. Compared to age and sex matched controls, cases had poorer lung function and a higher rate of smoking prevalence but did not differ in their intakes of fish or PUFA or their PUFA levels in plasma phospholipids. In this sub-population, we found a marginally significant association between COPD risk and total long chain n-3PUFA levels in plasma phospholipids (OR 1.22 95% CI 1.00–1.49, P = 0.046). Given the relatively small number of cases in this analysis, this finding should be interpreted with caution, especially given the lack of association with other markers of n-3PUFA intake or status. Taken together, our data suggest that n-3PUFA intake and status are not determinants of improved lung function in this regional Australian population.