Lower Ordovician Trilobites from SE Sardinia (Italy): A new record of the “Taihungshania bioprovince”

Abstract

A systematic description of the so far unique trilobite fauna and the associated biota from the Arenarie di San Vito Formation, in the outcrops close to the abandoned Tacconis mine (allochthonous nappe zone, Sarrabus, SE Sardinia, Italy), proves the occurrence of Taihungshania shui landayranensis, Ampyx priscus, Asaphellus sp., Merlinia sp., Niobe fourneti?, Geragnostus sp. and Symphysurus sp., accompanied by several taxa of graptolites, ichnofossils and less common bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods and hyolithids. The taphonomical signature, sedimentary structures and “Raphiophorid biofacies” clearly argue for an early Floian age and a median platform (i.e., offshore to shoreface) depositional environment. The occurrence of T. shui landayranensis in Sardinia allows us to determine the age of the Arenarie di San Vito Formation (just below the Sarrabese unconformity) and to discuss the palaeobiogeographical affinities highlighting the value of the “Taihungshania bioprovince”. The Tacconis trilobite fauna displays close affinities with Montagne Noire in France, Taurides in Turkey, Alborz in Iran, and south China, placing the SE Sardinia allochthonous area in a global Ordovician palaeogeographic sketch. A brief discussion on relationships and palaeobiogeographical affinities between the Sardinian nappe zone and the autochthonous “foreland” Sulcis-Iglesiente, which are adjacent today, strongly suggests a separation during the Ordovician, although both areas pertain to the Gondwana margin.