Geobios最新文献

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Radiolarian distribution and its response to the monsoonal and oceanographic changes of the Northwestern Bay of Bengal during the last 7000 years 近7000年来孟加拉湾西北部放射虫分布及其对季风和海洋变化的响应

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.004

Veena Gopika Viswam , Neelakantan Ravindran Nisha , Kavya Aravind , Naveen Gandhi

The present investigation is the first contribution on the temporal distribution pattern of radiolarian fauna from the Northwestern Bay of Bengal (BoB). The present core spans up to 25 cal kyr BP based on the AMS ¹⁴C radiocarbon dates obtained from planktonic foraminifera. The study documented the paleomonsoonal events for the past 7 kyr based on the quantitative distribution pattern of radiolarians. We report 26 radiolarian species among which 11 species are reported for the first time from the Northwestern BoB. In the present study, suborder Spumellaria was dominant (99.3%) over the suborder Nassellaria (0.6%). The radiolarian occurrence is noticed up to 7272 cal yr BP in the study area. In the Northwestern BoB, a strong monsoonal and high river discharge period is recorded during 7272–4424 cal yr BP, whereas weaker monsoonal period and aridification with episodes of increased upwelling activity is noticed during 4424–2678 cal yr BP. Simultaneous occurrence of intense monsoonal precipitation and upwelling activity is noticed between 2678 and 1000 cal yr BP. Alternate episodes of enhanced and decreased monsoonal activity associated with decreased upwelling events are recorded between 1000 and 800 cal yr BP and 800-Present time intervals, respectively. Thus radiolarian distribution in the study area was strongly influenced by the riverine discharge due to monsoonal precipitation and oceanographic conditions. Through this study, we propose the possibility of using radiolarian fauna as a proxy for paleomonsoonal as well as paleoceanographic studies.

本文首次对西北孟加拉湾放射虫区系的时间分布格局进行了研究。根据浮游有孔虫的AMS 14C放射性碳测年，现今岩心跨度可达25 calkyr BP。该研究基于放射虫的数量分布模式记录了过去7年的古季风事件。本文报道了26种放射虫，其中11种为首次报道。在本研究中，Spumellaria亚目占优势（99.3%），而Nassellaria亚目占优势（0.6%）。研究区在7272 calyr BP处发现放射虫。7272 ~ 4424 cal yr BP为西北地区强季风期和高流量期，4424 ~ 2678 cal yr BP为弱季风期和干旱化期，上升流活动增加。在2678 ~ 1000 cal yr BP之间，强烈的季风降水和上升流活动同时发生。与上升流事件减少相关的季风活动增强和减弱交替事件分别记录在1000 - 800 cal yr BP和800- present时间间隔之间。因此，研究区放射虫的分布受季风降水和海洋条件下河流流量的强烈影响。通过这项研究，我们提出了用放射虫动物群作为古季风和古海洋学研究的代理的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Young individuals, deciduous dentition, and rooted teeth of Late Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from central Argentina: new data and interpretations on a long debate 来自阿根廷中部晚中新世中牙科（Notoungulata）的年轻个体、乳牙和根齿：长期争论的新数据和解释

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.001

Esperanza Cerdeño , Claudia I. Montalvo , Santiago Hernández Del Pino , Renata Sostillo , Gabriela I. Schmidt , Matías A. Armella , Rodrigo L. Tomassini

Unpublished material of Typotheriopsis chasicoensis (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Late Miocene Arroyo Chasicó locality (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; Cerro Azul Formation) reveals ontogenetic changes in the cheek teeth (lingual grooves and proportions) among young individuals. Additionally, the specimen MD-CH-07-04 bears a rooted upper premolar. This sample sheds new light on the long-standing controversy regarding the deciduous/permanent mesotheriine premolars, but also raises new questions. No specimen considered as young (bearing an ‘extra’ premolar) has proved to be rooted through X-ray or CT-scan images. Among the compared mesotheriines from La Pampa Province, two specimens (Mesotheriinae indet. from Telén and Laguna Chillhué) show revealing features: one presents a rooted p4 and the other bears a permanent premolar (p4) positioned below and lingually to the rootless dp4, similarly to the holotype of ‘Pseudotypotherium carlesi’ (Huayquerías of Mendoza Province). Interpreting the rooted teeth is difficult, but their deciduous condition is herein discarded: in MD-CH-07-04, due to the occlusal morphology of both the rooted P4 and the accompanying molars compared with young individuals with P2; in the rooted p4 from Telén, its morphology is similar to that of other compared p4 without roots, and the mandibular bone does not indicate a very juvenile condition. The specimen from Laguna Chillhué and the holotype of “P. carlesi” are the first mesotheriines described with both deciduous and corresponding permanent premolars altogether. A better interpretation of these scarce cases of rooted and deciduous premolars would be possible with further findings and the revision of other large samples from single localities.

来自晚中新世阿罗约Chasicó地区（阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省；Cerro Azul组）的未发表材料揭示了年轻个体颊齿（舌沟和比例）的个体发育变化。此外，样品MD-CH-07-04有根状的上前磨牙。该样本为长期以来关于乳牙/恒牙的争论提供了新的线索，但也提出了新的问题。没有一个标本被认为是年轻的（有一个“额外的”前臼齿），通过x射线或ct扫描图像证明是有根的。在比较的拉潘帕省中线亚种中，有2个标本（中线亚种）。来自telsamen和Laguna chillhu)的标本显示出明显的特征：一个有根的p4，另一个有一个固定的前臼齿（p4），位于无根的dp4的下方和舌部，类似于“Pseudotypotherium carlesi”（门多萨省Huayquerías）的完整型。对根牙的解释是困难的，但本文放弃了它们的乳牙状况：在MD-CH-07-04中，由于根牙P4和伴随磨牙的咬合形态与年轻P2个体相比；在telsamen的有根的p4中，其形态与其他无根的p4相似，下颌骨不表明非常年轻的状态。拉古纳·奇尔胡格（Laguna chillhu）的标本和“P”的全型。“Carlesi”是第一个被描述为同时具有落叶和相应的恒前臼齿的中第三系。进一步的研究结果和对来自单一地区的其他大样本的修订，将有可能更好地解释这些稀缺的根状和落叶前磨牙病例。

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引用次数: 0

The miniature fish Habroichthys (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes): seven new species from the Middle Triassic of Italy and Slovenia reveal insights on its palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography, and palaeoecology 微型鱼类Habroichthys（放线鱼科；Peltopleuriformes）：来自意大利和斯洛文尼亚中三叠世的七个新种揭示了其古生物学，古生物地理学和古生态学的见解

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.001

Davide Conedera , Tomaž Hitij , Stefano Monari , Roberto Gatto , Massimiliano Andreetti , Andrea Tintori

In this paper we describe new specimens belonging to the miniature fish Habroichthys (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes) that come from recently discovered Middle Triassic Southern Alpine localities in the Dolomites and Lombardy (Northern Italy), as well as in Slovenia. Habroichthys is known from the Western to the Eastern Tethys (Europe to southern China), and the new specimens expand our knowledge on its anatomy. Habroichthys had an oval body outline, a box-shaped head, and sexually dimorphic anal hooklets. Otoliths and snout bones are documented for the first time. Seven new species are established: H. zuitaensis and H. dincae from the upper Ladinian Pelsa/Vazzoler Lagerstätte (Dolomites), H. flaviae from the mid-Ladinian of Castelveccana (western Lombardy), and H. nietorum, H. bosi, H. veronikae and H. celarci from various Anisian sites in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Slovenia). The study shows that Habroichthys had an ocean-scale distribution in the Tethys, and a chronostratigraphic range of ca. 7 myr. The oldest occurrence dates back to the early–middle Anisian of Western Tethys (Slovenia). The widest palaeogeographic distribution and the last occurrence date to the late Ladinian in the Dolomites, Germany, and in southern China. Habroichthys exhibited a stable anatomical structure with significant species-specific variability. The number of flank scales, combined with the scale-row of insertion of the pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins, are the most distinctive characters for species identification. Juvenile specimens allowed us to study its ontogenetic development characterized by body lengthening and thickening, ossification and broadening of skull bones and of flank scales, and appearance of dorsal and ventral scales. Finally, we propose some hypotheses about the habitat, sexual behaviour, diet, life mode and modern analogues of Habroichthys.

在本文中，我们描述了属于微型鱼Habroichthys（放线鱼科；Peltopleuriformes）的新标本，这些标本来自最近发现的白云石和伦巴第（意大利北部）以及斯洛文尼亚的中三叠世南阿尔卑斯地区。Habroichthys从西到东特提斯（欧洲到中国南部）都有，新的标本扩大了我们对其解剖学的了解。Habroichthys有一个椭圆形的身体轮廓，一个盒子状的头，和两性二态的肛门钩。耳石和鼻骨首次被记录在案。建立了7个新种：来自上拉迪尼亚Pelsa/Vazzoler Lagerstätte（白云岩）的H. zuitaensis和H. dincae，来自中拉迪尼亚Castelveccana（伦巴第西部）的H. flaviae，以及来自Kamnik-Savinja阿尔卑斯山脉（斯洛文尼亚）的各个安尼西亚遗址的H. nietorum， H. bosi， H. veronikae和H. celarci。研究表明，Habroichthys在特提斯具有海洋尺度的分布，年代地层范围约为7 myr。最古老的出现可以追溯到西特提斯（斯洛文尼亚）的早期中期阿尼西亚语。最广泛的古地理分布和最后一次出现在德国白云岩和中国南方的拉底世晚期。Habroichthys具有稳定的解剖结构和显著的物种特异性变异。腹鳞的数量，结合骨盆、背鳍和肛鳍的鳞片排列，是物种识别的最显著特征。幼年标本使我们得以研究其个体发育的特征，包括身体的延长和增厚，颅骨和侧鳞片的骨化和变宽，以及背部和腹部鳞片的外观。最后，我们对Habroichthys的栖息地、性行为、饮食、生活方式和现代类似物提出了一些假设。

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引用次数: 0

Early Miocene fossils from Shaoma, China, evidence Eurasia-North America ruminant exchange 中国绍马中新世早期化石，证明欧亚-北美反刍动物交换

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.002

Shi-Qi Wang , Tao Deng , Tingjiang Peng , Bian Wang , Qigao Jiangzuo , Jiao Fu , Danhui Sun , Luda Xing

Stem pecorans radiated globally near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary but remain poorly documented in China. We report a new stem pecorans, Labrangomeryx dorcapolis nov. gen., nov. sp. and previously reported Sinopalaeoceros xiejiaensis, from the earliest Miocene (∼23–20 Ma) of Gansu, China. Labrangomeryx nov. gen. exhibits bunoselenodont dentition with unique traits: a bifurcated p4 anterior conid, strong metastylids, and absent entoconulid in molars, linking Eurasian and North American taxa (e.g., Pomelomeryx, Problastomeryx). Sinopalaeoceros displays high hypsodonty and m3 entoconulid, resembling North American merycodontines rather than later Asian bovids. Both taxa lack cranial appendages, pointing towards a placement within stem pecorans. An enigmatic large p4 may present a tylopodan affinity, implying North American ties. These findings reveal early pecoran diversification in Eastern Asia and underscore transcontinental faunal exchanges during the early Miocene, bridging Eurasian and North American evolutionary narratives. The absence of crown-family cranial features highlights unresolved systematic positions but enriches understanding of pecoran morphological plasticity during their initial radiation.

在渐新世-中新世界线附近，干斑岩在全球范围内辐射，但在中国的记录很少。本文报道了来自中国甘肃最早中新世（~ 23 ~ 20 Ma）的一种新的pecorans， Labrangomeryx dorcapolis nov. gen., nov. sp.和先前报道的Sinopalaeoceros xiejiaensis。Labrangomeryx 11 . genera显示出具有独特特征的单齿形齿列：分叉的p4前圆锥，强大的转移瘤，磨牙中没有内圆锥，连接欧亚和北美的分类群（例如，Pomelomeryx, Problastomeryx）。Sinopalaeoceros表现出高度的下颌骨和m3的内粘连，类似于北美的merycodonines，而不是后来的亚洲动物。这两个类群都缺乏颅骨附属物，表明它们的位置在茎状胸骨内。一个神秘的大p4可能表现出一种类人猿的亲缘关系，暗示着北美的联系。这些发现揭示了东亚早期山雀的多样化，并强调了中新世早期跨大陆的动物交流，架起了欧亚和北美进化叙事的桥梁。冠状家族颅骨特征的缺失突出了未解决的系统位置，但丰富了对其初始辐射时pecoran形态可塑性的理解。

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引用次数: 0

The presence of the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) during the last glaciation in north-western Italy (Buco del Frate, Brescia) 北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）在最后一次冰期期间在意大利西北部（布雷西亚布科德尔弗拉特）的存在

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.003

Matteo Vincenzi , Fabio Bona

This work examines the fox assemblage (genus Vulpes) from the Buco del Frate cave (dated to MIS3, 41.130–40.465 ka cal. BC) in north-western Italy, providing new insights into the presence of the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) during the Last Glacial Period. Multivariate morphometric analysis of skeletal remains identified some very small specimens, among a predominantly red fox (Vulpes vulpes) sample, revealing the presence of the Artic fox at Buco del Frate. This represents the fourth presence of Vulpes lagopus in the Italian fossil record, alongside previous findings from Grotta di Fumane, Grotticelle di Sambughetto and Grotta Romanelli. The rarity of Arctic fox remains in Italy suggests its presence was sporadic, likely influenced by the country’s topography, notably the Alpine barrier. However, steppe-like environments during the last glacial cycle may have facilitated the dispersal of the Arctic fox into southern Europe. Previous palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions are consistent with the occurrence of the Arctic fox during MIS3 in the Buco del Frate cave area, alongside cold-adapted species such as the marmot and wolverine.

这项工作研究了意大利西北部Buco del Frate洞穴（日期为MIS3，公元前41.130-40.465 ka cal. BC）的狐狸组合（Vulpes属），为研究末次冰期北极狐（Vulpes lagopus）的存在提供了新的见解。对骨骼遗骸的多变量形态计量学分析发现了一些非常小的标本，其中主要是红狐（Vulpes Vulpes）样本，揭示了布科德尔弗拉特地区北极狐的存在。这是意大利化石记录中第四次发现lagopus Vulpes，之前分别在Grotta di Fumane， Grotticelle di Sambughetto和Grotta Romanelli发现。北极狐遗骸在意大利的罕见性表明，它们的存在是零星的，可能受到该国地形的影响，尤其是阿尔卑斯屏障。然而，在最后一次冰期循环中，类似草原的环境可能促进了北极狐向南欧的扩散。先前的古气候和古环境重建与MIS3期间Buco del Frate洞穴地区北极狐的出现一致，以及旱獭和狼獾等适应寒冷的物种。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.10.001

Jean-Philip Brugal, Jean-Baptiste Fourvel

引用次数: 0

The early Oligocene Caniformia (Carnivora, Mammalia) from the standard level MP23 in the ‘Phosphorites du Quercy’, Occitanie, southwestern France 法国西南部Occitanie ‘ Phosphorites du Quercy ’标准层MP23中的早渐新世兽形目（食肉目，哺乳目）

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.07.001

Louis de Bonis , Axelle Gardin , Gilles Escarguel

This article describes Caniformia carnivorans newly found in southwestern France fossiliferous localities called ‘Phosphorites du Quercy’ and dated to the MP biochronological scale standard level MP23 (reference locality: Itardies, 30.56 ± 0.18 Ma; early Oligocene). In Europe, the Eocene-Oligocene transition is marked by a significant paleobiological turnover known as Stehlin’s ‘Grande Coupure’, representing a major shift in the evolutionary history of Caniformia. Before the ‘Grande Coupure’, a nearly singular, small and primitive Amphicyonidae was present in the late Eocene of Europe, while a wide diversity of taxa and morphologies emerged by the early Oligocene. When compared to the material from the 19th century ‘Old Collections from the Quercy’, the well-dated new material provides biochronological information to species first described without any time constraint, thus precising their position in the evolutionary process. We describe the most primitive musteloid taxon ever found in Europe. Other Caniformia taxa show ecological niches absolutely unknown in extant faunas, with horizontal wear facets in the check teeth. The most abundant taxon shows adaptations to climbing; the high diversity of small carnivores and glirid rodents supports the hypothesis of an at least partially forested environment. The high number of individuals including juveniles of species of amphicynodontids favours the hypothesis of individuals buried in their den and suggests a potential gregarious behaviour.

本文描述了在法国西南部被称为“phospites du Quercy”的化石地点新发现的Caniformia食肉动物，其年代可追溯到MP生物年代尺度标准水平MP23（参考地点：Itardies， 30.56±0.18 Ma；早渐新世）。在欧洲，始新世-渐新世过渡的标志是一个重要的古生物转换，被称为Stehlin ' s ' Grande Coupure '，代表了加利福尼亚进化史上的一个重大转变。在“大Coupure”之前，欧洲始新世晚期出现了一种几乎单一的小型原始两栖动物科，而渐新世早期出现了广泛的分类群和形态。与19世纪的“来自Quercy的旧收藏品”的材料相比，年代准确的新材料提供了首次描述的物种的生物年代学信息，没有任何时间限制，从而精确了它们在进化过程中的位置。我们描述了在欧洲发现的最原始的musteloid分类群。其他加利福尼亚动物类群显示了在现存动物群中绝对未知的生态位，在检查齿上有水平磨损面。最丰富的分类群表现出对攀援的适应；小型食肉动物和网状啮齿类动物的高度多样性支持了至少部分森林环境的假设。包括双齿兽幼体在内的大量个体支持了个体被埋在洞穴中的假设，并暗示了潜在的群居行为。

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引用次数: 0

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.007

Mickaël Lhéritier

引用次数: 0

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.001

Adolfo Pacheco-Castro

引用次数: 0

Earliest Swintonia (Anacardiaceae) fossil from the late Paleogene of India suggests its Gondwanan origin 印度古近纪晚期发现的最早的石桐属（石桐科）化石表明其起源于冈瓦纳

IF 1.6 4区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Geobios

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.05.008

Harshita Bhatia , Gaurav Srivastava

The Anacardiaceae family plays a vital ecological and economic role in tropical and subtropical regions globally. The genus Swintonia Griff. being an evergreen genus is confined largely to Southeastern Asia. This study reports the earliest fossil record of Swintonia from the late Oligocene (∼24–23 Ma) sediments of the Makum Coalfield, Assam, northeast India, offering new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus. The fossil leaf described here represents the species Swintonia floribunda Griff., placing it within the subfamily Anacardioideae. This finding supports the Gondwanan origin of the Anacardiaceae family, where India plays a pivotal role in its early diversification and dispersal. Further, it enriches the Paleogene fossil record of the family and suggests an Indian origin for the genus, followed by its subsequent migration to Southeast Asia. The presence of Swintonia in the late Oligocene indicates that the genus emerged earlier than previously thought, thriving in the warm and humid climate of the Indian subcontinent. This finding enhances our understanding of its evolutionary development and biogeographic distribution.

红心科植物在全球热带和亚热带地区具有重要的生态和经济作用。金貂草属。是一个常绿属，主要局限于东南亚。本研究报道了印度东北部阿萨姆邦Makum煤田晚渐新世（~ 24-23 Ma）沉积物中最早的Swintonia化石记录，为该属的进化史提供了新的见解。这里描述的化石叶子代表了一种Swintonia floribunda Griff。将其归入阿纳卡亚科。这一发现支持了红心科的冈瓦纳起源，印度在其早期多样化和分散中起着关键作用。此外，它丰富了该科的古近纪化石记录，并表明该属起源于印度，随后迁移到东南亚。渐新世晚期Swintonia的出现表明，该属出现的时间比之前认为的要早，在印度次大陆温暖潮湿的气候中茁壮成长。这一发现增强了我们对其进化发展和生物地理分布的认识。

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