{"title":"Drinking water contamination and treatment costs","authors":"Arnt O. Hopland , Sturla F. Kvamsdal","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2023.100225","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper studies the relationship between drinking water contamination and treatment costs using a panel data for Norwegian local governments in the period 2003–2021. Because contamination and costs affect each other, we derive and estimate a set of reduced form equations that take the two-way causality into account. Our results indicate that while post-treatment contamination has little if any effect on treatment costs, increased expenditures reduce contamination in the following years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water Resources and Economics","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212428423000105","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ECONOMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This paper studies the relationship between drinking water contamination and treatment costs using a panel data for Norwegian local governments in the period 2003–2021. Because contamination and costs affect each other, we derive and estimate a set of reduced form equations that take the two-way causality into account. Our results indicate that while post-treatment contamination has little if any effect on treatment costs, increased expenditures reduce contamination in the following years.
期刊介绍：
Water Resources and Economics is one of a series of specialist titles launched by the highly-regarded Water Research. For the purpose of sustainable water resources management, understanding the multiple connections and feedback mechanisms between water resources and the economy is crucial. Water Resources and Economics addresses the financial and economic dimensions associated with water resources use and governance, across different economic sectors like agriculture, energy, industry, shipping, recreation and urban and rural water supply, at local, regional and transboundary scale.
Topics of interest include (but are not restricted to) the economics of:
Aquatic ecosystem services-
Blue economy-
Climate change and flood risk management-
Climate smart agriculture-
Coastal management-
Droughts and water scarcity-
Environmental flows-
Eutrophication-
Food, water, energy nexus-
Groundwater management-
Hydropower generation-
Hydrological risks and uncertainties-
Marine resources-
Nature-based solutions-
Resource recovery-
River restoration-
Storm water harvesting-
Transboundary water allocation-
Urban water management-
Wastewater treatment-
Watershed management-
Water health risks-
Water pollution-
Water quality management-
Water security-
Water stress-
Water technology innovation.
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