Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100260
Esther Díaz-Cano , Julio Berbel , Nazaret M. Montilla-López , Alfonso Expósito
The Recast Drinking Water Directive (Dir. (EU) 2020/2184) aims to set a 15 % target limit for urban network losses. Research in this field is crucial for the advancement of EU policy directives aimed towards augmenting water efficiency and conservation in a context of increasing water scarcity. This paper examines the synergies between leakage reduction and water demand policies (water pricing vs. social awareness). In order to estimate the impact of such policies on the achieved water savings, a simple model is presented and applied to the case study of the city of Seville in southern Spain. This case represents an interesting example of continuous efforts towards reducing urban water abstraction in the last three decades. The results offer useful insights into the effectiveness of various policy strategies on the overall water-saving achievements in a context of increasing water scarcity and cyclical drought episodes.
{"title":"Enhancing water efficiency: Distribution efficiency and consumption synergies","authors":"Esther Díaz-Cano , Julio Berbel , Nazaret M. Montilla-López , Alfonso Expósito","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Recast Drinking Water Directive (Dir. (EU) 2020/2184) aims to set a 15 % target limit for urban network losses. Research in this field is crucial for the advancement of EU policy directives aimed towards augmenting water efficiency and conservation in a context of increasing water scarcity. This paper examines the synergies between leakage reduction and water demand policies (water pricing vs. social awareness). In order to estimate the impact of such policies on the achieved water savings, a simple model is presented and applied to the case study of the city of Seville in southern Spain. This case represents an interesting example of continuous efforts towards reducing urban water abstraction in the last three decades. The results offer useful insights into the effectiveness of various policy strategies on the overall water-saving achievements in a context of increasing water scarcity and cyclical drought episodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100259
Margarita Gáfaro , César Mantilla
The design of mechanisms for sustainable irrigation water management requires a deep understanding of the water value for local communities. We present results from a lab-in-the-field incentivized game that sheds light on valuation patterns of irrigation water, relative to its value in the game, among small farmers in Colombia. In this game, two players divide a jointly endowed agricultural land plot, with some pieces having direct access to irrigation water. Although the induced cost of irrigation water in our game was one token, farmers paid between 2.1 and 3.5 times this amount. We characterize a general bargaining game that can be used to identify valuation discrepancies in settings with relevant use conflicts.
{"title":"Water valuation in incentivized bargaining games","authors":"Margarita Gáfaro , César Mantilla","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of mechanisms for sustainable irrigation water management requires a deep understanding of the water value for local communities. We present results from a lab-in-the-field incentivized game that sheds light on valuation patterns of irrigation water, relative to its value in the game, among small farmers in Colombia. In this game, two players divide a jointly endowed agricultural land plot, with some pieces having direct access to irrigation water. Although the induced cost of irrigation water in our game was one token, farmers paid between 2.1 and 3.5 times this amount. We characterize a general bargaining game that can be used to identify valuation discrepancies in settings with relevant use conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100258
Qiao Wang (王乔) , Koji Shimada , Jiahui Yuan (袁嘉慧)
The rapid industrialization of developing countries has led to irrational water usage and over-exploitation, exacerbating global water scarcity. While resource tax represents a well-established policy instrument, its micro-level effectiveness in water resource management remains empirically understudied. This paper employs differences-in-differences method to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of China's water resource tax on environmental performance improvements of micro-enterprises. With a panel data from 456 listed firms in water-intensive industries in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper finds that water resource tax significantly enhances environmental performance, with green innovation serving as a crucial mediating mechanism. By uniquely controlling for concurrent water pollution charging systems, our analysis reveals the comparative advantage of tax-based approaches. The results demonstrate pronounced heterogeneous effects: the policy's impact is most significant in the mining sector, followed by manufacturing, while showing negligible effects in power and electricity sectors. Additionally, non-state-owned enterprises and small-scale firms exhibit stronger environmental improvements. This study contributes existing literature by providing robust micro-level evidence of water resource tax effectiveness, employing current official classifications of water-intensive industries to avoid policy impact underestimation, and establishing robust causal relationships through rigorous econometric testing. These nuanced findings provide insights for policymakers in developing nations facing water resource challenges, offering an evidence-based blueprint for implementing targeted regulatory approaches and calibrating sector-specific environmental policies.
{"title":"Water resource tax policy and micro environmental performance improvement in China's water-intensive industries","authors":"Qiao Wang (王乔) , Koji Shimada , Jiahui Yuan (袁嘉慧)","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid industrialization of developing countries has led to irrational water usage and over-exploitation, exacerbating global water scarcity. While resource tax represents a well-established policy instrument, its micro-level effectiveness in water resource management remains empirically understudied. This paper employs differences-in-differences method to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of China's water resource tax on environmental performance improvements of micro-enterprises. With a panel data from 456 listed firms in water-intensive industries in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper finds that water resource tax significantly enhances environmental performance, with green innovation serving as a crucial mediating mechanism. By uniquely controlling for concurrent water pollution charging systems, our analysis reveals the comparative advantage of tax-based approaches. The results demonstrate pronounced heterogeneous effects: the policy's impact is most significant in the mining sector, followed by manufacturing, while showing negligible effects in power and electricity sectors. Additionally, non-state-owned enterprises and small-scale firms exhibit stronger environmental improvements. This study contributes existing literature by providing robust micro-level evidence of water resource tax effectiveness, employing current official classifications of water-intensive industries to avoid policy impact underestimation, and establishing robust causal relationships through rigorous econometric testing. These nuanced findings provide insights for policymakers in developing nations facing water resource challenges, offering an evidence-based blueprint for implementing targeted regulatory approaches and calibrating sector-specific environmental policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100257
Anders Dugstad , Hajar Ben Hammou , Ståle Navrud
Nature-based solutions have gained recognition as viable strategies for climate adaptation, particularly in urban areas to reduce flooding. One solution to improve flood management is opening up streams in residential areas, reversing the historical practice of channeling streams into underground pipes. In a contingent valuation survey, we examine local residents' preferences for reopening a stream. We assess residents' willingness to pay (WTP) for two distinct reopening plans: one embracing a green and natural solution, and the other adopting a grey and urban solution. The results reveal a strong preference for the nature-based stream, underscoring the significance of community engagement when developing flood management strategies. The elicited WTP estimates for the nature-based stream highlight significant nonmarket benefits to the community, amounting to a present value of approximately NOK 11.5 million. Prioritizing such nature-based solutions could enhance local welfare and align with local preferences. However, the costs associated with developing the nature-based stream are high, and the elicited nonmarket benefits do not exceed these costs. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution, given limitations of the study. Further research is needed to establish whether similar projects would pass the benefit-cost test.
{"title":"Valuing the benefits of climate adaptation measures to reduce urban flooding: Community preferences for nature-based solutions","authors":"Anders Dugstad , Hajar Ben Hammou , Ståle Navrud","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature-based solutions have gained recognition as viable strategies for climate adaptation, particularly in urban areas to reduce flooding. One solution to improve flood management is opening up streams in residential areas, reversing the historical practice of channeling streams into underground pipes. In a contingent valuation survey, we examine local residents' preferences for reopening a stream. We assess residents' willingness to pay (WTP) for two distinct reopening plans: one embracing a green and natural solution, and the other adopting a grey and urban solution. The results reveal a strong preference for the nature-based stream, underscoring the significance of community engagement when developing flood management strategies. The elicited WTP estimates for the nature-based stream highlight significant nonmarket benefits to the community, amounting to a present value of approximately NOK 11.5 million. Prioritizing such nature-based solutions could enhance local welfare and align with local preferences. However, the costs associated with developing the nature-based stream are high, and the elicited nonmarket benefits do not exceed these costs. This conclusion should be interpreted with caution, given limitations of the study. Further research is needed to establish whether similar projects would pass the benefit-cost test.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and population growth exacerbate water scarcity in the Mediterranean region, threatening food security. A variety of modeling approaches that embed water into a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework is available. However, only a few studies incorporate non-conventional, alternative water sources (e.g., desalination, treated, brackish) into economic analyses. Alternative water sources vary in energy and capital intensity and, therefore, in costs and externalities. We present the first study to introduce alternative water sources to a global CGE model. We also investigate the role of novel technologies of controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) that save water and land at the cost of higher energy intensity than traditional agriculture practices. The results show that the availability of alternative water sources increases the domestic production of grain crops in the North Mediterranean region. The countries that gain the most from CEA technologies are those with a higher share of irrigation and skilled labor. The results reflect the significant value of alternative water sources and CEA technologies to the agricultural sector. The outcomes also indicate that alternative water practices and CEA may bring about a positive trajectory in food security and the global economy, with a negligible effect on energy use.
{"title":"Water scarcity and food security in the mediterranean region: The role of alternative water sources and controlled-environment agriculture","authors":"Ruslana Rachel Palatnik , Orna Raviv , Julia Sirota , Mordechai Shechter","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and population growth exacerbate water scarcity in the Mediterranean region, threatening food security. A variety of modeling approaches that embed water into a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) framework is available. However, only a few studies incorporate non-conventional, alternative water sources (e.g., desalination, treated, brackish) into economic analyses. Alternative water sources vary in energy and capital intensity and, therefore, in costs and externalities. We present the first study to introduce alternative water sources to a global CGE model. We also investigate the role of novel technologies of controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) that save water and land at the cost of higher energy intensity than traditional agriculture practices. The results show that the availability of alternative water sources increases the domestic production of grain crops in the North Mediterranean region. The countries that gain the most from CEA technologies are those with a higher share of irrigation and skilled labor. The results reflect the significant value of alternative water sources and CEA technologies to the agricultural sector. The outcomes also indicate that alternative water practices and CEA may bring about a positive trajectory in food security and the global economy, with a negligible effect on energy use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2024.100253
Seong-Hoon Cho, James C. Mingie, Sreedhar Upendram
Diversified and locally managed funding strategies bring substantial benefits to water infrastructure investments across financial, social, institutional, and political spheres. However, these strategies often occupy a secondary role in the public sector's capital allocation process. We outline optimal funding strategies for water infrastructure by zeroing in on communities' specific needs and navigating two types of uncertainty—historical and priority uncertainty—across both long-run (multi-decade) and short-run (recent years) timeframes. Employing Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), our approach pinpoints optimal funding distribution both across and within categories (namely, individual counties) based on their funding needs. By comparing these distributions with Tennessee's Clean Water State Revolving Fund's historical funding approach, we benchmark how risk and socioeconomic factors influenced past decisions. This analysis yields optimal allocations that inform which counties should be given priority by public funding agencies, moving toward portfolios that adeptly balance risk with funding necessity. Our methodology is executed in two stages, each bearing distinct implications. The initial stage seeks to prioritize groups of counties based on their funding needs, considering both immediate and long-term contexts, in line with what government agencies might aim to achieve. The subsequent stage refines the equilibrium between risk and need at a more detailed level within these groups, facilitating risk diversification that effectively addresses both short- and long-term funding requirements.
{"title":"Identifying optimal funding allocations for public water infrastructure improvements under uncertainty","authors":"Seong-Hoon Cho, James C. Mingie, Sreedhar Upendram","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diversified and locally managed funding strategies bring substantial benefits to water infrastructure investments across financial, social, institutional, and political spheres. However, these strategies often occupy a secondary role in the public sector's capital allocation process. We outline optimal funding strategies for water infrastructure by zeroing in on communities' specific needs and navigating two types of uncertainty—historical and priority uncertainty—across both long-run (multi-decade) and short-run (recent years) timeframes. Employing Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), our approach pinpoints optimal funding distribution both across and within categories (namely, individual counties) based on their funding needs. By comparing these distributions with Tennessee's Clean Water State Revolving Fund's historical funding approach, we benchmark how risk and socioeconomic factors influenced past decisions. This analysis yields optimal allocations that inform which counties should be given priority by public funding agencies, moving toward portfolios that adeptly balance risk with funding necessity. Our methodology is executed in two stages, each bearing distinct implications. The initial stage seeks to prioritize groups of counties based on their funding needs, considering both immediate and long-term contexts, in line with what government agencies might aim to achieve. The subsequent stage refines the equilibrium between risk and need at a more detailed level within these groups, facilitating risk diversification that effectively addresses both short- and long-term funding requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2024.100254
Nguyen H.D. My , Valeria M. Toledo-Gallegos , Tran Huu Tuan , Tobias Börger
The Lower Mekong delta of Vietnam, particularly Can Tho city, is highly susceptible to flooding which urgently calls for significant efforts to mitigate urban flood risks. A possible measure to reduce flood risk is the application of controlled embankment breaches (CEB) in a rural province upstream. Utilising a Protection Motivation Theory approach, this paper uses a contingent valuation to assess the welfare effects of a reduction of flood risks in the city resulting from CEB in the upstream region of the delta. The findings revealed that households residing in the downstream areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta were willing to financially support the implementation of the CEB upstream in An Giang city, as a measure to alleviate urban flood threats in Can Tho city. These results suggest that interregional cooperation, involving the concept of payments for watershed services between regional jurisdictions, may help to effectively mitigate flood risk in a low-lying population centre in a major river delta. As such, these findings can inform policies for urban flood risk mitigation regarding the development of a more comprehensive flood risk reduction strategy in similar geographical contexts.
{"title":"Interregional watershed services: Valuation of the benefits of controlled embankment breaches to manage urban flood risk","authors":"Nguyen H.D. My , Valeria M. Toledo-Gallegos , Tran Huu Tuan , Tobias Börger","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Lower Mekong delta of Vietnam, particularly Can Tho city, is highly susceptible to flooding which urgently calls for significant efforts to mitigate urban flood risks. A possible measure to reduce flood risk is the application of controlled embankment breaches (CEB) in a rural province upstream. Utilising a Protection Motivation Theory approach, this paper uses a contingent valuation to assess the welfare effects of a reduction of flood risks in the city resulting from CEB in the upstream region of the delta. The findings revealed that households residing in the downstream areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta were willing to financially support the implementation of the CEB upstream in An Giang city, as a measure to alleviate urban flood threats in Can Tho city. These results suggest that interregional cooperation, involving the concept of payments for watershed services between regional jurisdictions, may help to effectively mitigate flood risk in a low-lying population centre in a major river delta. As such, these findings can inform policies for urban flood risk mitigation regarding the development of a more comprehensive flood risk reduction strategy in similar geographical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2024.100252
Ángel Sánchez-Daniel , Jesús Garrido-Rubio , Antonio Jesús Molina-Medina , Laura Gil-García , Francesco Sapino , José González-Piqueras , C. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco
The lack of detailed and reliable data on the estimates of water use has been a key limitation in informing sustainable, equitable and efficient water reallocations in the agricultural sector. Conventional water use data have been commonly obtained from surveys or agronomic models, which have limitations on accurately reflecting the actual water use. This paper integrates cutting-edge satellite-based water use data with an ensemble of four Calibrated Mathematical Programming Models (CMPM) (one Positive Multi-Attribute Utility Programming model, one Weighted Goal Programming model, and two Positive Mathematical Programming models) to assess and compare the performance of water reallocations under satellite-based versus conventional water use estimates. We apply these methods to the water-stressed Mancha Oriental Aquifer (MOA) in central Spain, where we simulate the impacts of a hypothetical temporary water reacquisition policy in 2017, the last dry year in record. We find that water use estimates obtained with conventional approaches (which range between 4916 m3/ha and 4510 m3/ha, on average) are 13–24 % lower than satellite-based estimates (5577 m3/ha on average) during the dry year. Moreover, the water reacquisition simulation using the CMPM ensemble shows that the reserve prices (25–66 % higher) and buyback costs (26–67 % higher) derived from conventional water use data approaches are consistently and significantly higher than those derived from satellite-based water use estimates for all the elements of the ensemble, suggesting that a policy informed with satellite-based data could significantly reduce the costs of the reallocation.
{"title":"Sensitivity of water reallocation performance assessments to water use data","authors":"Ángel Sánchez-Daniel , Jesús Garrido-Rubio , Antonio Jesús Molina-Medina , Laura Gil-García , Francesco Sapino , José González-Piqueras , C. Dionisio Pérez-Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lack of detailed and reliable data on the estimates of water use has been a key limitation in informing sustainable, equitable and efficient water reallocations in the agricultural sector. Conventional water use data have been commonly obtained from surveys or agronomic models, which have limitations on accurately reflecting the actual water use. This paper integrates cutting-edge satellite-based water use data with an ensemble of four Calibrated Mathematical Programming Models (CMPM) (one Positive Multi-Attribute Utility Programming model, one Weighted Goal Programming model, and two Positive Mathematical Programming models) to assess and compare the performance of water reallocations under satellite-based versus conventional water use estimates. We apply these methods to the water-stressed Mancha Oriental Aquifer (MOA) in central Spain, where we simulate the impacts of a hypothetical temporary water reacquisition policy in 2017, the last dry year in record. We find that water use estimates obtained with conventional approaches (which range between 4916 m<sup>3</sup>/ha and 4510 m<sup>3</sup>/ha, on average) are 13–24 % lower than satellite-based estimates (5577 m<sup>3</sup>/ha on average) during the dry year. Moreover, the water reacquisition simulation using the CMPM ensemble shows that the reserve prices (25–66 % higher) and buyback costs (26–67 % higher) derived from conventional water use data approaches are consistently and significantly higher than those derived from satellite-based water use estimates for all the elements of the ensemble, suggesting that a policy informed with satellite-based data could significantly reduce the costs of the reallocation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212428424000161/pdfft?md5=9ec3020b48c0e1948b761faea8c0a190&pid=1-s2.0-S2212428424000161-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2024.100250
Yuanzao Zhu , Erik Gawel , Bernd Klauer , Christian Klassert
Private household water and energy use are closely linked, especially in areas of intermittent water supply where more than one billion people live globally. However, the demand-side Water-Energy Nexus at the household level is often overlooked in empirical econometric studies. Based on a household survey (n = 1872) on water and energy in the Pune Metropolitan Region, India, we find statistical relationships between intermittent water supply and household electricity demand. More than 90 % of the surveyed households use water storage to cope with water supply intermittency, low-income households are particularly affected. Electricity consumption for water access accounts for 27 % of total household electricity consumption. Using a Discrete-Continuous Choice model, we identify significant impacts from factors such as household size and income, electricity price, and particularly the duration of water supply and the use of large water storage on household electricity demand. Our results indicate that households with 24-h water access consume 30 % less electricity than those with 12-h daily access. Extending municipal piped water supply by 1 h per day for all households could reduce total household electricity consumption by 3 %. Our findings suggest that water supply intermittency is a massive cause of unnecessary emissions in cities around the world that has thus far received hardly any attention. The significant amount of electricity used to access water reveals a hidden water affordability problem that can be more prevalent during droughts. Our analyses highlight the demand-side Water-Energy Nexus from an econometric perspective and emphasize the importance of breaking down silos in resource management.
{"title":"Impacts of intermittent water supply on household electricity demand: An econometric analysis for the Pune Metropolitan Region, India","authors":"Yuanzao Zhu , Erik Gawel , Bernd Klauer , Christian Klassert","doi":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wre.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Private household water and energy use are closely linked, especially in areas of intermittent water supply where more than one billion people live globally. However, the demand-side Water-Energy Nexus at the household level is often overlooked in empirical econometric studies. Based on a household survey (n = 1872) on water and energy in the Pune Metropolitan Region, India, we find statistical relationships between intermittent water supply and household electricity demand. More than 90 % of the surveyed households use water storage to cope with water supply intermittency, low-income households are particularly affected. Electricity consumption for water access accounts for 27 % of total household electricity consumption. Using a Discrete-Continuous Choice model, we identify significant impacts from factors such as household size and income, electricity price, and particularly the duration of water supply and the use of large water storage on household electricity demand. Our results indicate that households with 24-h water access consume 30 % less electricity than those with 12-h daily access. Extending municipal piped water supply by 1 h per day for all households could reduce total household electricity consumption by 3 %. Our findings suggest that water supply intermittency is a massive cause of unnecessary emissions in cities around the world that has thus far received hardly any attention. The significant amount of electricity used to access water reveals a hidden water affordability problem that can be more prevalent during droughts. Our analyses highlight the demand-side Water-Energy Nexus from an econometric perspective and emphasize the importance of breaking down silos in resource management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48644,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources and Economics","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212428424000148/pdfft?md5=45e71f07da36300660bf1a3e1734560a&pid=1-s2.0-S2212428424000148-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2024.100248
Pilar Gracia-de-Rentería , Victor Nechifor , Emanuele Ferrari
Improving water efficiency in the agricultural sector is essential to ensure sustainable withdrawals and supply of freshwater in a context of increasing water scarcity and human water demand. The water footprint (WF) is an established metric of resource intensity while the drivers steering WF over time remain under-researched. To advance this line of research, this paper assesses the sign and magnitude of macroeconomic, climatic, and agronomic drivers on the agricultural crop WF in 43 countries of the African continent for the period 2002–2016, using econometric panel data techniques and considering potential spatial patterns. The results reveal a significant spatial dependence in the WF across neighbouring countries. Socioeconomic factors are the most important determinant of water productivity, indicating that economic development facilitates a falling water requirement per unit of production. A negative impact of the temperature variation on the WF is also found, while the share of total land dedicated to agriculture tends to increase the crop WF in the continent. These results support designing adequate agricultural and water management policies to achieve sustainable and resilient food systems capable of adapting to anticipated population growth, climate change and other future threats to human health, prosperity and environmental sustainability in Africa.
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