Water Resources and Economics最新文献

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Willingness to pay for rainwater harvesting systems in Mexico City 愿意为墨西哥城的雨水收集系统买单

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100271

José A. Lara-Pulido , María Zorrilla-Ramos , Ximena Posadas-Vázquez , Ximena Bailón , Gustavo Luna-Flores

This study presents the results of a discrete choice experiment (DCE) to measure the willingness to pay (WTP) for rainwater harvesting systems at the household level in Mexico City. In 2020, we conducted a field survey to estimate WTP for this type of system in the boroughs of Mexico City with medium levels of marginalization. We estimated WTP using various payment options (credit cards, wire transfer, supermarkets and government offices) and considered deferred payment plans, as well as the maintenance time required for the system. We found that credit cards were the preferred payment method, that WTP through deferred payments was low, and that results regarding maintenance time were inconclusive. In addition, differences in gender and educational attainment were found to influence WTP. The mean WTP is $614 USD for a household with a typical user profile. The results indicate that rainwater harvesting systems were not cost-effective in most cases if their cost of public water supply systems. This paper contributes to knowledge of willingness to pay for rainwater harvesting systems, as well as their economic viability in Mexico City. Although the program has the potential to reduce household dependency on the public system, these systems are currently not profitable for most households. They are not a solution to water supply shortages, yet can contribute to climate change adaptation efforts. Additionally, the time required for maintenance and its associated costs are crucial factors in the continued use of the systems.

本研究提出了离散选择实验（DCE）的结果，以衡量墨西哥城家庭层面的雨水收集系统的支付意愿（WTP）。2020年，我们进行了一项实地调查，以估计墨西哥城中等边缘化程度行政区这类系统的WTP。我们使用各种付款方式（信用卡、电汇、超市和政府办公室）估计WTP，并考虑了延迟付款计划，以及系统所需的维护时间。我们发现信用卡是首选的付款方式，通过延期付款的WTP很低，关于维护时间的结果是不确定的。此外，性别和受教育程度的差异也会影响工作效率。一个典型用户家庭的平均WTP为614美元。结果表明，如果雨水收集系统的成本高于公共供水系统，那么在大多数情况下雨水收集系统并不具有成本效益。本文有助于了解为雨水收集系统付费的意愿，以及它们在墨西哥城的经济可行性。虽然该计划有可能减少家庭对公共系统的依赖，但这些系统目前对大多数家庭来说并不有利可图。它们不是解决供水短缺的办法，但可以促进适应气候变化的努力。此外，维护所需的时间及其相关成本是系统持续使用的关键因素。

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引用次数: 0

Direct water requirement patterns in Brazil, Colombia and Costa Rica: A structural decomposition analysis 巴西、哥伦比亚和哥斯达黎加的直接需水量模式：结构分解分析

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100272

Giovanna Ferrazzo Naspolini , Jesse Libra, Santiago Cunial , María Pérez-Urdiales

Water is not only vital for human life but also is a critical economic input. Climate change will likely exacerbate conflicts over the multiple uses of water in Latin America. This study compares direct water requirement patterns among Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica between 2013 and 2017, applying an environmental-extended Structural Decomposition Analysis. While all countries experienced increased water consumption during the period, Brazil's and Colombia's results suggest gains in water productivity at the national level and for Agriculture. Results also indicate that Exports are the main water consumption driver of Agriculture in Brazil and Costa Rica. The Water and sanitation sector in Colombia experienced a decrease in direct water requirements, which is illustrated by a strong negative intensity effect. In contrast, an expressive positive intensity effect in Costa Rica resulted from a sectoral GDP fall. The findings of this study offer support to sectoral climate adaptation plans in all countries as well as water conservation and sustainable development policies.

水不仅对人类生活至关重要，而且是一项重要的经济投入。气候变化可能会加剧拉丁美洲在水资源多种用途方面的冲突。本研究采用环境扩展结构分解分析，比较了2013年至2017年间巴西、哥伦比亚和哥斯达黎加的直接需水量模式。虽然在此期间所有国家的用水量都有所增加，但巴西和哥伦比亚的结果表明，国家一级和农业一级的水生产力有所提高。结果还表明，出口是巴西和哥斯达黎加农业用水的主要驱动力。哥伦比亚的水和卫生部门的直接用水需求减少，这可以从强烈的负强度效应中看出。相比之下，哥斯达黎加表现出的积极强度效应是由部门GDP下降造成的。本研究的结果为各国的部门气候适应计划以及节水和可持续发展政策提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of irrigation pump ownership on farm productivity in rice-wheat cropping systems of Nepal Terai 灌溉泵所有权对尼泊尔Terai水稻-小麦种植系统农业生产力的影响

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100264

Roshan Adhikari , Timothy Foster , Gokul P. Paudel , Anton Urfels , Subash Adhikari , Timothy J. Krupnik

Groundwater irrigation is critical for supporting food security, rural livelihoods, and economic development in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGP) of South Asia. However, groundwater resources in the EIGP remain underutilized due to farmers' reliance on expensive diesel pumps for accessing water. This study uses primary household survey data from the Terai region of Nepal to analyse the drivers of variability in irrigation access costs across farms, and how these cost variabilities influence agricultural outcomes. We employ an endogenous switching regression model to assess the impacts of pump ownership on farm productivity and profitability. Our findings show that pump ownership reduces irrigation costs rice and wheat cultivation, the region's two major crops, by 72 % and 76 %, respectively, and increases rice and wheat productivity by 37 % and 20 %, respectively. Our findings provide empirical evidence of the positive impact of technology ownership on agricultural productivity and highlight the opportunities for policy interventions focused on improving performance of existing technologies for enabling long-term sustainable intensification of irrigated agriculture in the EIGP.

地下水灌溉对于支持南亚东部印度-恒河平原（EIGP）的粮食安全、农村生计和经济发展至关重要。然而，由于农民依赖昂贵的柴油泵取水，EIGP的地下水资源仍未得到充分利用。本研究使用来自尼泊尔Terai地区的主要家庭调查数据来分析各个农场灌溉获取成本变化的驱动因素，以及这些成本变化如何影响农业成果。我们采用内生转换回归模型来评估水泵所有权对农业生产力和盈利能力的影响。我们的研究结果表明，拥有水泵将该地区两种主要作物水稻和小麦的灌溉成本分别降低了72%和76%，并将水稻和小麦的产量分别提高了37%和20%。我们的研究结果为技术所有权对农业生产力的积极影响提供了实证证据，并强调了政策干预的机会，重点是提高现有技术的绩效，从而实现EIGP中灌溉农业的长期可持续集约化。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Do political connections moderate the correlation between drought and households’ water poverty? Empirical evidence from India” [Water Resour. Econ. 52 (2025) 100273] “政治关系是否缓和了干旱与家庭用水贫困之间的相关性？”来自印度的经验证据。经济学。52 (2025)100273]

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100274

Rida Wanbha Nongbri , Sabuj Kumar Mandal , Gauri Sreekumar , Alec Zuo

引用次数: 0

An agent-based model of agricultural water market structure and function 基于agent的农业用水市场结构与功能模型

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100267

Reetwika Basu , Jacob Gifford , Michael Brady , Joseph Cook , Kirti Rajagopalan , Jonathan Yoder

An agent-based model (ABM) is developed to simulate the function of lease markets for surface water irrigation rights operating at the watershed scale. The ABM examines the effect of drought on trading activity and gains from trade under three market models: bilateral trading with random matching, a “smart market” that actively matches bidders based on bids and asks, and a full-information optimization model that represents the efficient benchmark against which to assess other market models. The model allows for variation in farm characteristics, water rights seniority, diversion location, and includes a watershed accounting system as a novel component. Results suggest gains from trade and market participation are largest with moderate drought severity than with severe or weak drought. Smart markets provide larger gains than bilateral trade, but both are lower (half or less) than the efficient benchmark. We also show that higher watershed complexity and certain distributions of agents across the watershed can significantly reduce market participation and gains from trade. The applications presented in this paper illustrate the broad applicability of the framework to water resource problems under appropriative water rights systems of the Western United States.

建立了基于agent的地表水灌溉权租赁市场模型，模拟了流域尺度地表水灌溉权租赁市场的功能。ABM在三种市场模型下研究了干旱对交易活动和交易收益的影响：随机匹配的双边交易，基于出价和要求积极匹配投标人的“智能市场”，以及代表评估其他市场模型的有效基准的全信息优化模型。该模型考虑了农场特征、水权年限、引水地点的变化，并将流域会计系统作为一个新的组成部分。结果表明，在中度干旱情况下，贸易和市场参与的收益最大，而在重度或轻度干旱情况下则最大。聪明的市场提供比双边贸易更大的收益，但两者都低于有效基准（一半或更少）。我们还表明，更高的流域复杂性和跨流域的某些代理分布会显著降低市场参与和贸易收益。本文中提出的应用说明了该框架在美国西部专有水权制度下对水资源问题的广泛适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the economic value of water in the Colorado River Basin: A hydroeconomic analysis 评估科罗拉多河流域水的经济价值：水文经济学分析

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100266

Daniel Crespo , Mehdi Nemati , Ariel Dinar , Zachary Frankel , Nicholas Halberg

As in many basins worldwide, the imbalance between water supply and demand in the Colorado River Basin, which spans parts of the United States and Mexico, is intensifying due to factors such as climate change and population growth. This paper introduces a novel hydro-economic model encompassing 2.2 million acres of irrigated farmland, 379 cities with a combined population of 33.4 million, and nearly 90 % of the basin's hydropower capacity. The model offers a robust framework for evaluating policy interventions by estimating the value of water across regions and sectors. We find that water use in the basin generates $20.6 billion in annual benefits, $18.3 billion from urban use, $1.4 billion from agriculture, and $874 million from hydropower. Results reveal substantial variation in the marginal value of water within and across states and sectors, providing key insights for designing compensation-based policies and supporting the development of efficient water trading systems.

与世界上许多流域一样，由于气候变化和人口增长等因素，横跨美国和墨西哥部分地区的科罗拉多河流域的水供需失衡正在加剧。本文提出了一个新的水文经济模型，该模型包括220万英亩的灌溉农田、379个城市、3340万人口和近90%的流域水力发电能力。该模型通过估算不同地区和部门的水资源价值，为评估政策干预提供了一个强有力的框架。我们发现，该流域的用水每年产生206亿美元的效益，其中城市用水183亿美元，农业用水14亿美元，水电用水8.74亿美元。研究结果揭示了各州和各个部门内部和之间水边际价值的巨大差异，为设计基于补偿的政策和支持高效水交易系统的发展提供了关键见解。

引用次数: 0

Water savings subsidy during 2015 drought in Korea 2015年韩国干旱期间的节水补贴

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100265

Yenjae Chang , Ki-Dong Kwon , Dae-Wook Kim , Man-Keun Kim , Moon Joon Kim

To address water shortages arising from the 2015 drought in Korea, the water authority (K-water) implemented a water savings subsidy between October 2015 and January 2016. This policy incentivized reduced consumption by offering households a rebate for each unit of water saved compared to the same month in the previous year. The rate of subsidy was 1240 KRW/m³ (

\approx

$1.10/m³) which was roughly 2.5–3 times larger than the water rate for the first block in most of municipalities. This study attempts to measure the effectiveness of the intervention and finds that it generated a roughly 4%–6% reduction in water use. We find that households consuming relatively more water (3rd and 4th quartiles in terms of baseline water consumption) reduced their use by 6.1% but households consuming relatively less water (1st quartile) reduced their use by 4%. Interestingly, there is little evidence that property value affects the reduction in water use with the intervention.

为了解决2015年韩国干旱造成的水资源短缺问题，韩国水务局（K-water）在2015年10月至2016年1月期间实施了节水补贴。这一政策通过向家庭提供与去年同期相比节省的每单位水的回扣来激励减少的消费。补贴率为1240韩元/立方米（≈1.10美元/立方米），大约是大多数城市第一个街区水费的2.5-3倍。这项研究试图衡量干预措施的有效性，并发现它产生了大约4%-6%的用水量减少。我们发现，用水量相对较多的家庭（基线用水量的第3和第4四分位数）的用水量减少了6.1%，而用水量相对较少的家庭（第1四分位数）的用水量减少了4%。有趣的是，几乎没有证据表明财产价值会影响干预后用水量的减少。

引用次数: 0

Impact of environmental flow policy on power system balancing costs and river ecosystem service benefits 环境流政策对电力系统平衡成本和河流生态系统服务效益的影响

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100269

A. Juutinen , Z. Virk , H. Huuki , E. Ruokamo , M. Kopsakangas-Savolainen , A. Torabi Haghighi , H. Marttila

Sustainable river regulations require more information on the costs and benefits of environmental flow constraints. This paper presents a case study focusing on the Nordic electricity market and ecosystem service situation. We impose tighter flow ramping constraints on a hydropower plant situated in the Kemijoki River and quantify the effects of the environmental flow policy on hydropower balancing services, river hydraulics and ecosystem services. Our findings reveal that as the environmental flow policy becomes more stringent, the optimal level of balancing market flexibility for the hydropower operator decreases. In addition, a hydrological flow analysis indicates that ecological improvements resulted from the policy. We compare the costs and benefits of the environmental flow policy. The findings indicate that the costs, hydropower revenue loss and increased system balancing costs are comparable to the willingness to pay for environmental improvements. If system balancing can be achieved without an increase in

{C O}_{2}

emissions, the willingness to pay for the improved river state increases, widening the gap between local benefits and system costs. The study insights can inform policymakers and private companies to better incorporate environmental concerns in the management of regulated rivers while acknowledging the value of hydropower in the power system.

可持续的河流管理需要更多关于环境流量限制的成本和收益的信息。本文以北欧电力市场和生态系统服务现状为研究对象。我们对位于Kemijoki河的水电站施加了更严格的流量斜坡约束，并量化了环境流量政策对水电平衡服务、河流水力学和生态系统服务的影响。研究发现，环境流量政策越严格，水电运营商的最优平衡市场灵活性水平越低。此外，一项水文流量分析表明，该政策带来了生态改善。我们比较了环境流量政策的成本和收益。研究结果表明，成本、水电收入损失和增加的系统平衡成本与为改善环境而支付的意愿相当。如果能够在不增加二氧化碳排放的情况下实现系统平衡，那么为改善河况买单的意愿就会增加，从而扩大了当地利益与系统成本之间的差距。这项研究的见解可以让决策者和私营公司更好地将环境问题纳入受监管河流的管理中，同时承认水电在电力系统中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Do political connections moderate the correlation between drought and households’ water poverty? Empirical evidence from India 政治关系是否缓和了干旱和家庭用水贫困之间的相关性？来自印度的经验证据

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100273

Rida Wanbha Nongbri , Sabuj Kumar Mandal , Gauri Sreekumar , Alec Zuo

Water poverty is a global issue and it gets exacerbated by climate change-induced droughts. While the impact of drought on water poverty is well documented, we contribute to the literature by exploring the role played by political connection in shaping households' water poverty in the face of drought. We use two rounds of nationally representative household-level panel data from the India Human Development Survey (2004–05 and 2011–12) to generate a multidimensional water poverty index and a variable representing political connection. The long-term rainfall data from the India Meteorological Department is used to construct the drought variable. Our empirical findings show that drought is positively correlated with households’ water poverty. However, the correlation between drought and water poverty is moderated by political connectedness: politically connected households affected by drought have lower water poverty than non-politically connected households who also face drought. An analysis with disaggregated water poverty measure indicates that politically connected households have lower deprivation from access, quality, storage and capacity dimensions of water poverty compared to their non-politically counterparts. A fractional regression analysis with district level data also provides evidence of the moderating impact of political connection proving the consistency of our empirical findings. We recommend initiating specific water poverty alleviation programmes that preclude political elite capture from the distribution of water utility services. We also recommend the Panchayat systems to become more inclusive such that the benefits of water related programmes reach the most vulnerable people to ensure water security.

缺水是一个全球性问题，气候变化引发的干旱加剧了这一问题。虽然干旱对水贫困的影响有很好的记录，但我们通过探索政治关系在面对干旱时形成家庭水贫困方面所起的作用，为文献做出了贡献。我们使用来自印度人类发展调查（2004-05和2011-12）的两轮具有全国代表性的家庭层面面板数据来生成多维水贫困指数和代表政治联系的变量。使用印度气象部门的长期降雨数据来构建干旱变量。实证结果表明，干旱与家庭水贫困呈正相关。然而，干旱和水贫困之间的相关性受到政治联系的调节：受干旱影响的政治关系家庭的水贫困程度低于同样面临干旱的非政治关系家庭。一项采用分类水贫困措施的分析表明，与非政治相关家庭相比，政治相关家庭在水贫困的获取、质量、储存和能力方面的剥夺程度较低。地区层面数据的分数回归分析也提供了政治联系调节影响的证据，证明了实证结果的一致性。我们建议启动具体的减轻水贫穷方案，防止政治精英参与供水公用事业服务的分配。我们还建议村务委员会系统更具包容性，使与水有关的项目惠及最脆弱的人群，以确保水安全。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of water pollution on health expenditures of residents:Evidence from urban sewage in China 水污染对居民健康支出的影响：来自中国城市污水的证据

IF 1.9 3区经济学 Q2 ECONOMICS

Water Resources and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wre.2025.100268

Junkai Sun , Xin Fang , Guilin Dai , Xinyue Gao

Controlling the negative externalities of environmental pollution and reducing living costs of residents have long been main societal concerns. With the ongoing deterioration of the ecological environment, understanding the relationship between urban sewage pollution and health expenditures of residents has become increasingly critical. Drawing on extensive theoretical analysis, this study employs data from 266 Chinese cities spanning the period from 2012 to 2022 to investigate the health cost effect of urban sewage pollution. The findings reveal that urban sewage pollution not only significantly increases health expenditures of local residents but also exerts a positive spatial spillover effect on the health expenditures of surrounding residents. Education, advanced industrial structure, medical insurance, and agricultural mechanization can linearly and negatively mitigate the impact of urban sewage pollution. The local and spatial moderating effect of economic development exhibit an inverted U-shape. Furthermore, advanced industrial structure, agricultural mechanization and highly coordinated river management systems with clear accountability effectively suppress the negative externalities associated with urban sewage pollution. This study, which provides a scientific basis for accurately assessing the health costs of urban sewage pollution, is conducive to building a "green defense line" for residents' health expenditures and facilitating the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations.

控制环境污染的负外部性和降低居民的生活成本一直是社会关注的主要问题。随着生态环境的不断恶化，了解城市污水污染与居民健康支出之间的关系变得越来越重要。在广泛的理论分析基础上，本研究采用了2012年至2022年中国266个城市的数据，研究城市污水污染的健康成本效应。研究发现，城市污水污染不仅显著增加了当地居民的卫生支出，而且对周边居民的卫生支出产生了正的空间溢出效应。教育、先进产业结构、医疗保险和农业机械化对城市污水污染的影响具有线性和负向的缓解作用。经济发展对区域和空间的调节作用呈倒u型。此外，先进的产业结构、农业机械化和高度协调的河流管理系统有效地抑制了与城市污水污染相关的负外部性。本研究为准确评估城市污水污染健康成本提供了科学依据，有利于为居民健康支出构筑“绿色防线”，促进联合国可持续发展目标的实现。

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