Impacts of Changing Post-harvest Agricultural Practices on Abundance of Waste Grain in California’s Central Valley

IF 0.9 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI:10.3996/jfwm-21-061
Luke James-Hight Matthews, Mark Petrie, J. Eadie
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Abstract

Agricultural waste grains are significant for providing nutrients for wintering waterfowl in California. Rice and corn comprise 56% of their nutrient needs in the Central Valley and changes to agricultural practices, such as post-harvest treatments, could impact these food resources. Currently, there is limited data on how post-harvest treatments in rice and corn fields affects the abundance of waste grain, yet these data are essential to determine the carrying capacity of agricultural lands for wintering waterfowl. To address this knowledge gap, we estimated the abundance of waste grain (kg/ha) using dry field transects, dry field soil cores, and flooded field (wet) soil cores. In 2016 and 2017 we sampled 84 rice fields and 47 corn fields. Our results indicate that the abundance of waste rice varied significantly among post-harvest treatments. Fields that received no post-harvest treatment (stubble left standing; no incorporation of straw) had the greatest amounts of waste rice, whereas fields that were disced, disced and rolled, or burned provided the least amount of waste rice. The average abundance of waste rice across all post-harvest treatments was 320 kg/ha in dry fields (arithmetic mean; geometric mean = 228 kg/ha; soil core samples) . Estimates of waste rice in flooded fields averaged only 169 kg/ha (geometric mean 98 kg/ha; soil core samples) , significantly lower than in the same fields prior to flooding. Variation in the abundance of waste corn was greater than rice fields. Fields that did not receive any post-harvest incorporation had the greatest abundance of waste corn, 233 kg/ha on average (arithmetic mean; geometric mean = 72 kg/ha) , whereas fields that were incorporated (Disk or Disk and Roll) contained significantly lower abundance of waste corn averaging 50-60 kg/ha (arithmetic mean; geometric mean = 5-10 kg/ha) . The average, across all post-harvest treatments, was 159 kg/ha of waste corn ( geometric mean = 25-34 kg/ha) . Our results suggest that the abundance of waste grain in rice and corn fields is affected by post-harvest practices and, as these practices change, wintering waterfowl could be impacted. Our results also indicate that the method of sampling waste grain can influence estimates of residual grain abundance.
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收获后农业实践的变化对加州中央山谷废弃谷物丰度的影响
农业废弃谷物对为加州越冬水禽提供营养具有重要意义。在中央山谷,水稻和玉米占其营养需求的56%,农业实践的改变,如收割后处理,可能会影响这些粮食资源。目前,关于水稻和玉米田收割后处理如何影响废弃粮食丰度的数据有限,但这些数据对于确定农业用地对越冬水禽的承载能力至关重要。为了解决这一知识差距,我们使用旱地样带、旱地土芯和淹没地(湿)土芯估计了废弃谷物的丰度(公斤/公顷)。2016年和2017年,我们对84块稻田和47块玉米地进行了采样。我们的研究结果表明,不同收获后处理的废稻丰度差异很大。未经收割后处理的田地(留茬;未掺入秸秆)的废弃水稻数量最多,而被丢弃、丢弃和滚动或焚烧的田地的废弃水稻最少。旱地所有收获后处理的废稻平均丰度为320公斤/公顷(算术平均值;几何平均值=228公斤/公顷;土壤芯样)。据估计,被洪水淹没的田地里的废弃水稻平均只有169公斤/公顷(几何平均值为98公斤/公顷;土壤芯样),大大低于洪水前相同田地里的水平。废弃玉米的丰度变化大于稻田。未接受任何收获后掺入的田地的废玉米丰度最高,平均为233公斤/公顷(算术平均值;几何平均值=72公斤/公顷),而掺入的(圆盘或圆盘和卷)田地的废谷物丰度明显较低,平均为50-60公斤/公顷。所有收获后处理的平均值为159公斤/公顷的废玉米(几何平均值=25-34公斤/公顷)。我们的研究结果表明,水稻和玉米地中废弃谷物的丰度受到收获后做法的影响,随着这些做法的改变,越冬水禽可能会受到影响。我们的结果还表明,废弃谷物的采样方法会影响剩余谷物丰度的估计。
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来源期刊
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION-ECOLOGY
CiteScore
1.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
43
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management encourages submission of original, high quality, English-language scientific papers on the practical application and integration of science to conservation and management of native North American fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats in the following categories: Articles, Notes, Surveys and Issues and Perspectives. Papers that do not relate directly to native North American fish, wildlife plants or their habitats may be considered if they highlight species that are closely related to, or conservation issues that are germane to, those in North America.
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