Christopher L. Hauer, Jamie L. Shinskie, Rebecca J. Brady, Cassidy N. Titus
Since 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused drastic declines in populations of several hibernating bat species throughout eastern North America. Thus, there is a growing need to establish long-term monitoring programs to assess changes in bat populations over time. Information on the seasonal timing of species occurrence and the sampling effort required to acoustically detect individual bat species and obtain complete inventories is needed to design and implement effective monitoring programs. From April through October in 2018-2021, we passively sampled for bats using full-spectrum detectors at eight permanent locations at Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Pennsylvania. We examined seasonal activity patterns and estimated bat species richness among detector locations and seasons using species accumulation curves. We also estimated probability of detection (p) and occupancy (Ψ) using single-season occupancy models in PRESENCE software, and then determined the number of sampling nights needed to reliably infer absence of each species. We identified 351,771 bat passes of eight species or species groups in 5,856 detector-nights. Seasonal patterns of activity varied among species. On average, approximately 30 sampling nights were needed to detect 90% of the total species richness among locations and seasons. Relatively few nights (≤12 nights) were needed to detect most species during summer, however, many more nights were needed to detect acoustically rare species. Our results indicate that the acoustic sampling effort currently required to determine presence or probable absence of federally endangered Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis and northern long-eared myotis M. septentrionalis may also be adequate for tri31 colored bats Perimyotis subflavus, but a greater level of effort may be needed for little brown myotis M. lucifugus in some areas. Monitoring programs that incorporate efficient sampling methodologies will be critical for future conservation efforts as populations of several bat species continue to decline.
{"title":"Sampling duration and season recommendations for passive acoustic monitoring of bats after white-nose syndrome","authors":"Christopher L. Hauer, Jamie L. Shinskie, Rebecca J. Brady, Cassidy N. Titus","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Since 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) has caused drastic declines in populations of several hibernating bat species throughout eastern North America. Thus, there is a growing need to establish long-term monitoring programs to assess changes in bat populations over time. Information on the seasonal timing of species occurrence and the sampling effort required to acoustically detect individual bat species and obtain complete inventories is needed to design and implement effective monitoring programs. From April through October in 2018-2021, we passively sampled for bats using full-spectrum detectors at eight permanent locations at Fort Indiantown Gap National Guard Training Center, Pennsylvania. We examined seasonal activity patterns and estimated bat species richness among detector locations and seasons using species accumulation curves. We also estimated probability of detection (p) and occupancy (Ψ) using single-season occupancy models in PRESENCE software, and then determined the number of sampling nights needed to reliably infer absence of each species. We identified 351,771 bat passes of eight species or species groups in 5,856 detector-nights. Seasonal patterns of activity varied among species. On average, approximately 30 sampling nights were needed to detect 90% of the total species richness among locations and seasons. Relatively few nights (≤12 nights) were needed to detect most species during summer, however, many more nights were needed to detect acoustically rare species. Our results indicate that the acoustic sampling effort currently required to determine presence or probable absence of federally endangered Indiana myotis Myotis sodalis and northern long-eared myotis M. septentrionalis may also be adequate for tri31 colored bats Perimyotis subflavus, but a greater level of effort may be needed for little brown myotis M. lucifugus in some areas. Monitoring programs that incorporate efficient sampling methodologies will be critical for future conservation efforts as populations of several bat species continue to decline.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"87 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138596117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max D. Jones, Lora L. Smith, Katherine (Gentry) Richardson, J. N. DeSha, Traci Castellón, Dan Hipes, Alex Kalfin, Neal T. Halstead, Elizabeth A. Hunter
The accuracy of post-translocation monitoring methods is critical to assessing long-term success in translocation programs. Translocation can produce unique challenges to monitoring efforts, and it is therefore important to understand the flexibility and robustness of commonly used monitoring methods. In Florida, USA, thousands of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus have been (and continue to be) translocated from development sites to permitted recipient sites. These recipient sites create a broad range of potential monitoring scenarios due to variability in soft-release strategy, habitat conditions, and population demographics. Line transect distance sampling (LTDS) is an effective method for monitoring natural tortoise populations, but is currently untested for translocated populations. We therefore produced 3,024 individual-based, spatially explicit scenarios of translocated tortoise populations that differed in recipient site and tortoise population properties (based on real-world examples, literature review, and expert opinion). We virtually sampled simulated tortoise populations using LTDS methods, and built a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the population density for each simulation, which incorporated individual-level covariates (i.e., burrow width and burrow occupancy). Line transect distance sampling was largely appropriate for the conditions that typify gopher tortoise recipient sites; particularly when detection probability on the transect lines was ≥ 0.85. Designing the layout of transects relative to the orientation of soft-release pens, to avoid possible sampling biases that lead to extreme outliers in estimates of tortoise densities, resulted in more accurate population estimates. We also suggest that use of individual-level covariates, applied using a Bayesian framework as demonstrated here, may improve the applicability of LTDS surveys in a variety of contexts, and that simulation can be a powerful tool for assessing survey design in complex sampling situations.
{"title":"Simulation Modeling to Assess Line Transect Distance Sampling Under a Range of Translocation Scenarios","authors":"Max D. Jones, Lora L. Smith, Katherine (Gentry) Richardson, J. N. DeSha, Traci Castellón, Dan Hipes, Alex Kalfin, Neal T. Halstead, Elizabeth A. Hunter","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-029","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The accuracy of post-translocation monitoring methods is critical to assessing long-term success in translocation programs. Translocation can produce unique challenges to monitoring efforts, and it is therefore important to understand the flexibility and robustness of commonly used monitoring methods. In Florida, USA, thousands of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus have been (and continue to be) translocated from development sites to permitted recipient sites. These recipient sites create a broad range of potential monitoring scenarios due to variability in soft-release strategy, habitat conditions, and population demographics. Line transect distance sampling (LTDS) is an effective method for monitoring natural tortoise populations, but is currently untested for translocated populations. We therefore produced 3,024 individual-based, spatially explicit scenarios of translocated tortoise populations that differed in recipient site and tortoise population properties (based on real-world examples, literature review, and expert opinion). We virtually sampled simulated tortoise populations using LTDS methods, and built a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the population density for each simulation, which incorporated individual-level covariates (i.e., burrow width and burrow occupancy). Line transect distance sampling was largely appropriate for the conditions that typify gopher tortoise recipient sites; particularly when detection probability on the transect lines was ≥ 0.85. Designing the layout of transects relative to the orientation of soft-release pens, to avoid possible sampling biases that lead to extreme outliers in estimates of tortoise densities, resulted in more accurate population estimates. We also suggest that use of individual-level covariates, applied using a Bayesian framework as demonstrated here, may improve the applicability of LTDS surveys in a variety of contexts, and that simulation can be a powerful tool for assessing survey design in complex sampling situations.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Striped Bass Morone saxatilis are a valuable commercial and recreation fishery resource and fill important ecological roles within an ecosystem. Migratory behaviors of coastal Striped Bass are diverse and vary by latitude along the US Atlantic coast. Northern populations are anadromous, with spawning occurring in tidal freshwater/brackish rivers and adults leave spawning locations during the winter to conduct north-south coastal migrations. Southern populations (below Cape Hatteras, NC) are typically resident and potamodromous, completing full life cycles within river systems, and do not migrate along the Atlantic coast. The objective of this study was to describe daily movement patterns and centers of attraction (e.g., spawning and resting stages) of Striped Bass in the Great Pee Dee River, South Carolina. Ten fish were implanted with hydroacoustic transmitters between 2013 and 2016. Daily movement and behavior are described using the state-space model with a two-dimensional spatial coordinate system. A total of 94,857 data points were recorded across all individuals and receivers. Two movement patterns were observed. One group completed a seasonal migration (i.e., were recorded swimming upstream or downstream) that coincides with spring spawning season. A second group was present in the lower river section and Winyah Bay during the winter for three consecutive years but were never observed migrating up the Great Pee Dee River during the spring. One individual was documented swimming 80 river km north in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, suggesting there are important overwintering locations outside their natal river. Additionally, there were significant gaps in observations for all individuals, particularly in the summer. It is possible fish are leaving the main stem in search of thermal refuge within small tributaries. Identifying these overwintering areas and tributaries that serve as summer refuge is needed to determine stressors and fishing pressure of this important species.
{"title":"Striped Bass Morone saxatilis movement in a large southeastern river system","authors":"Jason C. Doll, Jason Marsik","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Striped Bass Morone saxatilis are a valuable commercial and recreation fishery resource and fill important ecological roles within an ecosystem. Migratory behaviors of coastal Striped Bass are diverse and vary by latitude along the US Atlantic coast. Northern populations are anadromous, with spawning occurring in tidal freshwater/brackish rivers and adults leave spawning locations during the winter to conduct north-south coastal migrations. Southern populations (below Cape Hatteras, NC) are typically resident and potamodromous, completing full life cycles within river systems, and do not migrate along the Atlantic coast. The objective of this study was to describe daily movement patterns and centers of attraction (e.g., spawning and resting stages) of Striped Bass in the Great Pee Dee River, South Carolina. Ten fish were implanted with hydroacoustic transmitters between 2013 and 2016. Daily movement and behavior are described using the state-space model with a two-dimensional spatial coordinate system. A total of 94,857 data points were recorded across all individuals and receivers. Two movement patterns were observed. One group completed a seasonal migration (i.e., were recorded swimming upstream or downstream) that coincides with spring spawning season. A second group was present in the lower river section and Winyah Bay during the winter for three consecutive years but were never observed migrating up the Great Pee Dee River during the spring. One individual was documented swimming 80 river km north in the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway, suggesting there are important overwintering locations outside their natal river. Additionally, there were significant gaps in observations for all individuals, particularly in the summer. It is possible fish are leaving the main stem in search of thermal refuge within small tributaries. Identifying these overwintering areas and tributaries that serve as summer refuge is needed to determine stressors and fishing pressure of this important species.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"33 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138597281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthew P. Hinrichs, M. Vrtiska, Matthew P. Gruntorad, C. Chizinski
Recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) programs and opportunities have been recently implemented to reverse trends in declining hunting participation. Some of these programs use mentors to replicate traditional pathways into hunting, but few data are available that examine the mentor-mentee relationship. We surveyed waterfowl hunters and non-waterfowl hunters in several Midwestern states to identify through a series of questions whether mentors would likely accept certain types of mentees for waterfowl hunting and whether mentees would likely accept certain types of mentors for waterfowl hunting. We found that waterfowl hunters were willing to accept most mentee types except for hunters they had not met previously. The most frequently reported reason for unwillingness to mentor was a perceived lack of skill by the waterfowl hunter. Non-waterfowl hunters were most likely to accept mentoring by a family member or friend. Feelings of being uncomfortable and desire to focus on other activities were the most frequently reported reasons for non-waterfowl hunters not wishing to be mentored. Our results indicate that R3 programs that do not consider or incorporate a close, social connection between mentees and mentors may not be as successful as those that do.
{"title":"Strangers in the blind: Identifying appropriate mentees and mentors for waterfowl hunter recruitment","authors":"Matthew P. Hinrichs, M. Vrtiska, Matthew P. Gruntorad, C. Chizinski","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-23-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-23-012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Recruitment, retention, and reactivation (R3) programs and opportunities have been recently implemented to reverse trends in declining hunting participation. Some of these programs use mentors to replicate traditional pathways into hunting, but few data are available that examine the mentor-mentee relationship. We surveyed waterfowl hunters and non-waterfowl hunters in several Midwestern states to identify through a series of questions whether mentors would likely accept certain types of mentees for waterfowl hunting and whether mentees would likely accept certain types of mentors for waterfowl hunting. We found that waterfowl hunters were willing to accept most mentee types except for hunters they had not met previously. The most frequently reported reason for unwillingness to mentor was a perceived lack of skill by the waterfowl hunter. Non-waterfowl hunters were most likely to accept mentoring by a family member or friend. Feelings of being uncomfortable and desire to focus on other activities were the most frequently reported reasons for non-waterfowl hunters not wishing to be mentored. Our results indicate that R3 programs that do not consider or incorporate a close, social connection between mentees and mentors may not be as successful as those that do.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"62 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138594783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marta E. Ulaski, Joshua L. McCormick, Michael C. Quist, Zachary J. Jackson
Abstract Traditional methods for estimating abundance of fish populations are not feasible in some systems due to complex population structure and constraints on sampling effort. Lincoln’s estimator provides a technique that uses harvest and harvest rate to estimate abundance. Using angler catch data allows assumptions of the estimator to be addressed without relying on methods that could be prohibitively field-intensive or costly. Historic estimates of White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin have been obtained using mark-recapture methods. However, White Sturgeon population characteristics often cause violations of model assumptions, such as population closure and independent capture probabilities. We developed a version of Lincoln’s estimator using a joint likelihood, estimated abundance of White Sturgeon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin in 2015 using this method and empirical data, and assessed accuracy and precision of estimates in a simulation study. Estimating abundance using harvest and harvest rate, as represented by our model framework, has the potential to be precise and accurate. The joint likelihood-based approach fitted using Bayesian methods is advantageous because all sources of variation are included in a single model. Precision of abundance estimates was low when the model was applied to White Sturgeon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin and to similar conditions in a simulated dataset. Using simulation, precision and accuracy increased with increases in the number of high-reward and standard tags released, tag reporting rate, tag retention rate, and harvest rate. Results demonstrate potential sources of error when using this approach and suggest that increasing the number of tagged fish and tag reporting rate are potential actions to improve precision and accuracy of abundance estimates of the model.
{"title":"Leveraging Angler Effort to Inform Fisheries Management: Using Harvest and Harvest Rate to Estimate Abundance of White Sturgeon","authors":"Marta E. Ulaski, Joshua L. McCormick, Michael C. Quist, Zachary J. Jackson","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Traditional methods for estimating abundance of fish populations are not feasible in some systems due to complex population structure and constraints on sampling effort. Lincoln’s estimator provides a technique that uses harvest and harvest rate to estimate abundance. Using angler catch data allows assumptions of the estimator to be addressed without relying on methods that could be prohibitively field-intensive or costly. Historic estimates of White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus abundance in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin have been obtained using mark-recapture methods. However, White Sturgeon population characteristics often cause violations of model assumptions, such as population closure and independent capture probabilities. We developed a version of Lincoln’s estimator using a joint likelihood, estimated abundance of White Sturgeon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin in 2015 using this method and empirical data, and assessed accuracy and precision of estimates in a simulation study. Estimating abundance using harvest and harvest rate, as represented by our model framework, has the potential to be precise and accurate. The joint likelihood-based approach fitted using Bayesian methods is advantageous because all sources of variation are included in a single model. Precision of abundance estimates was low when the model was applied to White Sturgeon in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River basin and to similar conditions in a simulated dataset. Using simulation, precision and accuracy increased with increases in the number of high-reward and standard tags released, tag reporting rate, tag retention rate, and harvest rate. Results demonstrate potential sources of error when using this approach and suggest that increasing the number of tagged fish and tag reporting rate are potential actions to improve precision and accuracy of abundance estimates of the model.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136022817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donald J. Brown, Samuel C. Knopka, Shawn T. Grushecky, John W. Edwards, Sheldon F. Owen
Abstract Road and pipeline infrastructure development for natural gas extraction often results in forest fragmentation, which could negatively influence habitat quality for many amphibian species. We investigated occurrence dynamics of the eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus in relation to natural gas pipeline rights-of-way (ROW) and forest structure characteristics in northern Pennsylvania. Eighty sites were sampled across two study areas using coverboards, with each site containing sampling plots at the center of the ROW, the edge of the ROW, and 10 m and 30 m into the adjacent forest. We assessed the influence of ROW age, ROW width, distance from ROW, and five forest structure characteristics on plot occupancy probability. Eastern red-backed salamander occupancy probability decreased with ROW age and increased with distance from ROW. Our results indicate that eastern red-backed salamanders are negatively influenced by forest fragmentation for natural gas ROWs. Moreover, responses were time-dependent, with occupancy probability declining with ROW age. Due to low detections, we were unable to analyze data for the other amphibians and reptiles encountered during the study. Our capture data indicate that ROWs could improve habitat quality for some snake species, but additional research is needed to better understand the influence of ROWs on reptile species. To reduce future forest fragmentation and impacts on eastern red-backed salamander populations, managers could consider placing pipelines along existing linear clearings and enhancing the habitat quality of ROWs for salamanders.
{"title":"Influence of Natural Gas Pipeline Right-of-Ways on Eastern Red-backed Salamander Occurrence in the Northern Appalachians","authors":"Donald J. Brown, Samuel C. Knopka, Shawn T. Grushecky, John W. Edwards, Sheldon F. Owen","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Road and pipeline infrastructure development for natural gas extraction often results in forest fragmentation, which could negatively influence habitat quality for many amphibian species. We investigated occurrence dynamics of the eastern red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus in relation to natural gas pipeline rights-of-way (ROW) and forest structure characteristics in northern Pennsylvania. Eighty sites were sampled across two study areas using coverboards, with each site containing sampling plots at the center of the ROW, the edge of the ROW, and 10 m and 30 m into the adjacent forest. We assessed the influence of ROW age, ROW width, distance from ROW, and five forest structure characteristics on plot occupancy probability. Eastern red-backed salamander occupancy probability decreased with ROW age and increased with distance from ROW. Our results indicate that eastern red-backed salamanders are negatively influenced by forest fragmentation for natural gas ROWs. Moreover, responses were time-dependent, with occupancy probability declining with ROW age. Due to low detections, we were unable to analyze data for the other amphibians and reptiles encountered during the study. Our capture data indicate that ROWs could improve habitat quality for some snake species, but additional research is needed to better understand the influence of ROWs on reptile species. To reduce future forest fragmentation and impacts on eastern red-backed salamander populations, managers could consider placing pipelines along existing linear clearings and enhancing the habitat quality of ROWs for salamanders.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamden C. Glade, Anthony J. Kennedy, Benjamin J. Miller, Benjamin D. Erb, Andrew L. Thompson, Andrew W. Hafs
Abstract The Red Lakes, Minnesota, supported a substantial Walleye Sander vitreus fishery from the early to mid-20th century, but experienced a major crash in the late 1990s. The population has since rebounded following a successful inter-agency recovery program and now supports valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. The variation in population densities associated with the collapse and subsequent recovery in the Red Lakes Walleye population provides a rare opportunity to study potential changes in relative fecundity (eggs/kg of body mass) under varying rates of exploitation: overexploited (1989 data), recovering (2004 data), and recovered (2017 data). Female Walleye were collected spring 1989 (n=30) in the Blackduck and Tamarac rivers and spring 2004 (n=30) and 2017 (n=30) in the Tamarac River. Results indicate relative fecundity was significantly lower in 2017 (50,768, SD=10,266) than in 1989 (58,216, SD=6,211) and 2004 (61,964, SD=7,472). We hypothesize differences in relative fecundity among fishery states were due to differences in Walleye population abundances caused by varying exploitation rates in the years leading up to fecundity estimates.
{"title":"Comparisons of Walleye Fecundity Before, During, and After Rehabilitation of the Red Lakes Fishery","authors":"Kamden C. Glade, Anthony J. Kennedy, Benjamin J. Miller, Benjamin D. Erb, Andrew L. Thompson, Andrew W. Hafs","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Red Lakes, Minnesota, supported a substantial Walleye Sander vitreus fishery from the early to mid-20th century, but experienced a major crash in the late 1990s. The population has since rebounded following a successful inter-agency recovery program and now supports valuable commercial and recreational fisheries. The variation in population densities associated with the collapse and subsequent recovery in the Red Lakes Walleye population provides a rare opportunity to study potential changes in relative fecundity (eggs/kg of body mass) under varying rates of exploitation: overexploited (1989 data), recovering (2004 data), and recovered (2017 data). Female Walleye were collected spring 1989 (n=30) in the Blackduck and Tamarac rivers and spring 2004 (n=30) and 2017 (n=30) in the Tamarac River. Results indicate relative fecundity was significantly lower in 2017 (50,768, SD=10,266) than in 1989 (58,216, SD=6,211) and 2004 (61,964, SD=7,472). We hypothesize differences in relative fecundity among fishery states were due to differences in Walleye population abundances caused by varying exploitation rates in the years leading up to fecundity estimates.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":"32 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135112655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kendall, Rachel A Rounds, R. Camp, Ayesha S Genz, T. Cady, D. Ball
Endemic Hawaiian forest birds have experienced dramatic population declines. The Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Refuge Complex) was established for the conservation of endangered forest birds and their habitats. Surveys have been conducted at two units of the Refuge Complex to monitor forest bird populations and their response to management actions. We analyzed survey data from 1987 to 2019 at the Hakalau Forest Unit (HFU) and from 1995 to 2019 at the Kona Forest Unit (KFU). We analyzed three strata at HFU: open-forest, closed-forest, and afforested-pasture, and two strata at KFU: upper (>1,524 m elevation) and lower (<1,524 m). In all years, ‘i‘iwi Drepanis coccinea, ‘apapane Himatione sanguinea, and Hawai‘i ‘amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens virens were the most abundant species at HFU. Three endangered forest bird species, Hawai‘i ‘ākepa Loxops coccineus, ‘alawī Loxops mana (also known as Hawai‘i creeper) and ‘akiapōlā‘au Hemignathus wilsoni, had much lower densities. The most abundant species at KFU was ‘apapane, followed by Hawai‘i ‘amakihi at much lower densities. We found a continuation of several trends observed in previous analyses at HFU up to 2012, with most species’ trends upward in afforested-pasture stratum, stable in the open-forest stratum, and downward in the closed-forest stratum. However, more species were showing downward trends in all three strata during the most recent decade. Results were mixed at KFU, with most species’ trends downward in the upper stratum and upward in the lower stratum. Populations of endangered species were either locally extirpated at KFU or in numbers too low to reliably estimate population abundance. The Refuge Complex is important for conservation of forest birds on Hawai‘i Island. Our results show that HFU supports the majority of three endangered forest bird species. Threats to forest birds at the Refuge Complex appear to be having a negative impact. These threats include habitat loss, disease, feral ungulates, and non-native predators. Continuing and enhancing management actions, such as forest restoration and removal of invasive species, could help mitigate these impacts and allow the Refuge Complex to remain a key site for forest bird conservation in Hawai‘i.
{"title":"Forest Bird Populations at the Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex, Hawai‘i","authors":"S. Kendall, Rachel A Rounds, R. Camp, Ayesha S Genz, T. Cady, D. Ball","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-035","url":null,"abstract":"Endemic Hawaiian forest birds have experienced dramatic population declines. The Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Refuge Complex) was established for the conservation of endangered forest birds and their habitats. Surveys have been conducted at two units of the Refuge Complex to monitor forest bird populations and their response to management actions. We analyzed survey data from 1987 to 2019 at the Hakalau Forest Unit (HFU) and from 1995 to 2019 at the Kona Forest Unit (KFU). We analyzed three strata at HFU: open-forest, closed-forest, and afforested-pasture, and two strata at KFU: upper (>1,524 m elevation) and lower (<1,524 m). In all years, ‘i‘iwi Drepanis coccinea, ‘apapane Himatione sanguinea, and Hawai‘i ‘amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens virens were the most abundant species at HFU. Three endangered forest bird species, Hawai‘i ‘ākepa Loxops coccineus, ‘alawī Loxops mana (also known as Hawai‘i creeper) and ‘akiapōlā‘au Hemignathus wilsoni, had much lower densities. The most abundant species at KFU was ‘apapane, followed by Hawai‘i ‘amakihi at much lower densities. We found a continuation of several trends observed in previous analyses at HFU up to 2012, with most species’ trends upward in afforested-pasture stratum, stable in the open-forest stratum, and downward in the closed-forest stratum. However, more species were showing downward trends in all three strata during the most recent decade. Results were mixed at KFU, with most species’ trends downward in the upper stratum and upward in the lower stratum. Populations of endangered species were either locally extirpated at KFU or in numbers too low to reliably estimate population abundance. The Refuge Complex is important for conservation of forest birds on Hawai‘i Island. Our results show that HFU supports the majority of three endangered forest bird species. Threats to forest birds at the Refuge Complex appear to be having a negative impact. These threats include habitat loss, disease, feral ungulates, and non-native predators. Continuing and enhancing management actions, such as forest restoration and removal of invasive species, could help mitigate these impacts and allow the Refuge Complex to remain a key site for forest bird conservation in Hawai‘i.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Webb, C. S. Guy, H. B. Treanor, Krissy W. Wilson, C. D. Mellon, Paul Abate, H. Crockett, Jordan R. Hofmeier, Chelsey A. Pasbrig, Patrick Isakson
Native aquatic species are in decline, and hatcheries can play an important role in stemming these losses until larger ecological issues are addressed. However, as more federal and state agencies face budget uncertainty and the number of imperiled species increases, it is necessary to develop a tool to prioritize species for conservation propagation. Our objective was to create prioritized lists of aquatic species that may benefit from conservation propagation for five states in the United States. Biologists developed an influence diagram and provided information for multiple attributes affecting prevalence of species. The influence diagram and information for each species was used in a Bayesian belief network to generate a score to prioritize propagation of a species and the feasibility of propagation. When all taxa were ranked together within a state, mussels, amphibians, and a crustacean were included among fishes in the top species that may benefit from propagation. We recognize that propagation is one tool for conservation of imperiled species and that additional factors may need to be addressed to ensure species persistence. Nevertheless, we contend our quantitative approach provides a useful framework for prioritizing conservation propagation.
{"title":"Prioritizing Imperiled Native Aquatic Species for Conservation Propagation","authors":"M. Webb, C. S. Guy, H. B. Treanor, Krissy W. Wilson, C. D. Mellon, Paul Abate, H. Crockett, Jordan R. Hofmeier, Chelsey A. Pasbrig, Patrick Isakson","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-040","url":null,"abstract":"Native aquatic species are in decline, and hatcheries can play an important role in stemming these losses until larger ecological issues are addressed. However, as more federal and state agencies face budget uncertainty and the number of imperiled species increases, it is necessary to develop a tool to prioritize species for conservation propagation. Our objective was to create prioritized lists of aquatic species that may benefit from conservation propagation for five states in the United States. Biologists developed an influence diagram and provided information for multiple attributes affecting prevalence of species. The influence diagram and information for each species was used in a Bayesian belief network to generate a score to prioritize propagation of a species and the feasibility of propagation. When all taxa were ranked together within a state, mussels, amphibians, and a crustacean were included among fishes in the top species that may benefit from propagation. We recognize that propagation is one tool for conservation of imperiled species and that additional factors may need to be addressed to ensure species persistence. Nevertheless, we contend our quantitative approach provides a useful framework for prioritizing conservation propagation.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48559995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Schorr, K. Pitcher, Robert A. Aldredge, P. Lukacs
The Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus is a rare, endemic bat of south Florida, which roosts in woodpecker cavities, and anthropogenic structures, such as roofing tiles, chimneys, and bat houses. The northern-most occurrences of the bonneted bat are from mature pine forests at the Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida. We used ultrasonic acoustic recorders to understand bonneted bat activity and habitat occupancy. We modeled occupancy using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis, and included site- and time-specific covariates of detection probability, and site-specific covariates of occupancy. Probability of detection was low throughout Avon Park Air Force Range, but increased with Julian date. In most habitats, occupancy was poorly estimated, except for flatwood mature pinelands where occupancy was low (0.23 ± 0.06). As distance from red-cockaded woodpecker colonies increased occupancy decreased (β = -1.19 ± 0.26 SD). At the northern-most extent of the range, and throughout much of the historic range, increasing the expanse of mature, fire-maintained forest systems will increase habitat for the bonneted bat, and lead to faster population recovery.
{"title":"Patterns of Florida Bonneted Bat Occupancy at the Northern Extent of Its Range","authors":"R. Schorr, K. Pitcher, Robert A. Aldredge, P. Lukacs","doi":"10.3996/jfwm-22-055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-22-055","url":null,"abstract":"The Florida bonneted bat Eumops floridanus is a rare, endemic bat of south Florida, which roosts in woodpecker cavities, and anthropogenic structures, such as roofing tiles, chimneys, and bat houses. The northern-most occurrences of the bonneted bat are from mature pine forests at the Avon Park Air Force Range, Florida. We used ultrasonic acoustic recorders to understand bonneted bat activity and habitat occupancy. We modeled occupancy using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis, and included site- and time-specific covariates of detection probability, and site-specific covariates of occupancy. Probability of detection was low throughout Avon Park Air Force Range, but increased with Julian date. In most habitats, occupancy was poorly estimated, except for flatwood mature pinelands where occupancy was low (0.23 ± 0.06). As distance from red-cockaded woodpecker colonies increased occupancy decreased (β = -1.19 ± 0.26 SD). At the northern-most extent of the range, and throughout much of the historic range, increasing the expanse of mature, fire-maintained forest systems will increase habitat for the bonneted bat, and lead to faster population recovery.","PeriodicalId":49036,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43607028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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