Efecto agudo del baile como ejercicio aeróbico sobre el balance estático en personas mayores de 50 años

Abstract

espanolIntroduccion: El equilibrio en personas mayores de 50 anos se vuelve fundamental para mantener una adecuada movilidad, y asi poder realizar actividades del dia a dia como banarse o caminar; un adecuado equilibrio brinda autonomia a las personas. Objetivo: analizar el efecto agudo del baile como ejercicio aerobico sobre el balance estatico en personas adultas mayores. Metodo: Participantes: 25 sujetos hombres y mujeres, de un Proyecto de actividad fisica para la Persona Adulta Mayor de la Region de Occidente de Costa Rica. Procedimientos: Se evaluo un solo grupo en dos condiciones: intervencion (1 hora de baile) y control. Las mediciones se realizaron en dos dias diferentes (48 horas de diferencia). La investigacion conto con un pretest (antes de la clase de baile) y dos postest (inmediatamente despues de la clase de baile y una hora despues), la muestra fue no probabilistica, se aleatorizo las condiciones. Instrumentos: Apoyo monopodal, (AM) y la Prueba de equilibrio en forma de “T”. Para el registro de los datos se ha utilizado un dispositivo inercial WIMU PRO (RealTrack Systems. Almeria. Espana). Para el calculo de los estadisticos CV sobre la senal del acelerometro se utilizo el software S PROTM (RealTrack Systems. Almeria. Espana). El sensor utilizado en esta investigacion ha sido la combinacion de la senal de los 3 acelerometros tri-axiales de los que esta compuesto el dispositivo (acelerometro ±2G. 1 acelerometro ±16G y 1 acelerometro ±100G). Los datos han sido registrados a una frecuencia de muestreo de 1000 Hz. Analisis estadistico: se realizo un analisis descriptivo de la muestra a traves de la media y la desviacion tipica. La distribucion de normalidad de los datos fue realizada mediante la prueba Shapiro-Wilk. Tras esta prueba se utilizo un analisis de la varianza (ANOVA de 2 vias de medidas repetidas en ambos factores) de medidas repetidas para identificar las diferencias entre medias de las series realizadas. El ajuste post-hoc de Bonferroni se utilizo para las comprobaciones dos a dos (Field. 2013). Los datos fueron tratados mediante SPSS v24.0 (IBM). El nivel de significancia se establecio en p Resultados: Los sujetos analizados presentaban los siguientes datos antropometricos (edad: 67.6 ± 6.59 anos; altura: 155.8 ± 7.39 cm; peso: 68.69 ± 10.80 Kg; IMC (indice de masa corporal): 28.44 ± 4.71 kg/m2). En cuanto al coeficiente de variacion (CV), para la prueba de apoyo monopodal pie derecho (AM-PD), en la condicion control como en la condicion experimental hubo cambios significativos entre mediciones y entre condiciones. Y en la prueba apoyo monopodal pie izquierdo (AM-PI), se encontraron cambios significativos unicamente entre condiciones. En la otra prueba de apoyo monopodal T (Apoyo monopodal T pie derecho (AMT-PD), hubo cambios significativos en la condicion experimental y entre condiciones. Y en apoyo monopodal T pie izquierdo (AMT-PI), encontramos cambios significativos igual que la prueba AMT-PD. Conclusion: El ejercicio aerobico tiene un efecto agudo positivo en el equilibrio de las personas mayores de 50 anos. El efecto mejora despues de una hora de tomar la clase de baile. EnglishIntroduction: The balance in people over 50 years becomes essential to maintain adequate mobility, and thus be able to perform day-to-day activities such as bathing or walking; An adequate balance gives people autonomy. Objective: to analyze the acute effect of dance as an aerobic exercise on static balance in older adults. Method:Participants: 25 male and female subjects of a Physical Activity Project for the Elderly in the Western Region of Costa Rica. Procedures:A single group was evaluated in two conditions: intervention (1 hour of dance) and control. The measurements were made on two different days (48 hours apart). The investigation had a pretest (before the dance class) and two posttest (immediately after the dance class and an hour later), the sample was not probabilistic, and the conditions were randomized. Procedures:A single group was evaluated in two conditions: intervention (1 hour of dance) and control. The measurements were made on two different days (48 hours apart). The investigation had a pretest (before the dance class) and two posttest (immediately after the dance class and an hour later), the sample was not probabilistic, and the conditions were randomized. Instruments: monopodal support (AM) and the “T” shaped Balance Test. A WIMU PRO inertial device (RealTrack Systems. Almeria. Spain) has been used to record the data. The S PROTM software (RealTrack Systems. Almeria. Spain) was used to calculate CV statistics on the accelerometer signal. The sensor used in this investigation has been the combination of the signal of the three tri-axial accelerometers of which the device is composed (accelerometer ± 2G. 1 accelerometer ± 16G and one accelerometer ± 100G). The data has been recorded at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Statistical analysis:a descriptive analysis of the sample was carried out through the mean and the standard deviation. The normality distribution of the data was carried out using the Shapiro Wilk test. After this test, an analysis of variance (2-way ANOVA of repeated measures in both factors) of repeated measures was used to identify the differences between means of the series performed. Bonferroni’s post-hoc adjustment was used for two-to-two checks (Field. 2013). The data was processed using SPSS v24.0 (IBM). The level of significance was set at p Results: The analyzed subjects presented the following anthropometric data (age: 67.6 ± 6.59 years; height: 155.8 ± 7.39 cm; weight: 68.69 ± 10.80 Kg; BMI (body mass index): 28.44 ± 4.71 kg/m2). Regarding the coefficient of variation (CV), for the right foot monopodal support test (AM-PD), in the control condition as in the experimental condition there were significant changes between measurements and between conditions. Moreover, in the left foot monopodal support test (AM-PI), significant changes were found only between conditions. In the other test of monopodal support T (Monopodal support T right foot (AMT-PD), there were significant changes in the experimental condition and between conditions. In addition, in monopodal support T left foot (AMT-PI), we found significant changes just like the AMT-PD test. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise has an acute positive effect on the balance of people over 50 years. The effect improves after an hour of taking the dance class.