The Evil That Free Will Does: Plantinga’s Dubious Defense

Mark Maller
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Abstract

Abstract Alvin Plantinga’s controversial free will defense (FWD) for the problem of evil is an important attempt to show with certainty that moral evils are compatible and justifiable with God’s omnipotence and omniscience. I agree with critics who argue that it is untenable and the FWD fails. This paper proposes new criticisms by analyzing Plantinga’s presuppositions and objectionable assumptions in God, Freedom and Evil. Notably, his limited concept of omnipotence, and possible worlds theory lack rigorous argument and are subjectively biased with irrelevant weak examples. My ontological possible worlds theory (Possible Conditional Timelines) shows that it is very likely that the omnipotent God exists of necessity in some worlds but perhaps not this one. Omnipotence is total and absolute, and should imply the freedom of will to actualize all worlds God chooses. Plantinga’s position regarding God’s omniscience of future counterfactuals is implausible based on modal logic conjecture.
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自由意志的邪恶:普兰廷加的可疑辩护
Alvin Plantinga对邪恶问题的自由意志辩护(FWD)是一个有争议的重要尝试,它确定地表明道德邪恶与上帝的全能和全知是相容和正当的。我同意批评人士的观点,他们认为这是站不住脚的,FWD失败了。本文通过分析普兰丁加在《上帝、自由与邪恶》中的预设和反对假设,提出新的批评。值得注意的是,他的有限的全能概念和可能世界理论缺乏严谨的论证,并且主观地偏向于不相关的弱例子。我的本体论可能世界理论(可能条件时间线)表明,全能的上帝很可能必然存在于某些世界,但也许不是这个世界。全能是完全和绝对的,应该意味着自由的意志,以实现所有世界的上帝选择。基于模态逻辑猜想,Plantinga关于上帝对未来反事实的无所不知的立场是不可信的。
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CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
29
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