Mejoría en la supervivencia de los niños con leucemia mieloide aguda en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología de Colombia

Abstract

Objective: Describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, and evaluate the mortality and survival  of children treated with the LMA-INC 2004 protocol (modified from BFM 93) in our pediatric oncology clinic of the National Cancer Institute of Colombia between May 2002 and December 2014. Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive observational study of a cohort with survival analysis of patients under 18 years of age with a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia treated with intensive chemotherapy without maintenance or transplantation. Results:  We analyzed 41 patients diagnosed with myeloid leukemia except acute myeloid leukemia type M3, who were, treated with LMA-INC 2004 protocol. Complete remission was achieved in 75.6% of patients. The annual relapse rate was 27.4% and the death rate 20.3%. Cumulative overall survival at 2 and 5 years was 60% and 53.5%, respectively, with an average follow-up of 4.3 years (3.2 - 5.2 years); and the 5-year relapse-free survival was 42% with an average follow-up time of 3.5 years (3.3 - 4.6 years). Conclusion: The results showed a 30% improvement in the survival of patients with acute myeloid leukemia attributed to a more intense treatment that included the administration of high doses of cytarabine and mitoxantrone in consolidation and intensification; which implies improvement in supportive care.